| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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Hyocholic Acid (3α,6α,7α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid) is a biliary acid found mainly in pig as well as in human urine at low concentrations, in particular, in urine samples from patients with cholestasis. Hyocholic Acid can promote GLP-1 secretion via activating TGR5 and inhibiting FXR in enteroendocrine cells. It is known for its exceptional resistance to type 2 diabetes . Hyocholic acid differs from the primary bile acids found in humans by having a third hydroxyl group in the α-conformation at the 6-position, unlike cholic acid, which has a 12-hydroxyl, and chenodeoxycholic acid which has neither a 6- or 12-hydroxyl. It also differs from the muricholic acids found in rodents, as they are 6β-hydroxylated, and can have the 7-hydroxyl in either the α- or β- positions, forming α- or β-muricholic acids.
| ln Vitro |
In STC-1 and NCI-H716 cells, HCA (25 and 50 μM, 24 h) increases GLP-1 protein secretion[3]. In STC-1 and NCI-H716 cells, HCA (25 and 50 μM, 24 h) increases the transcription of the proglucagon gene[3].
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| ln Vivo |
Pigs' blood glucose rise brought on by BA depletion is suppressed by hyocholic acid (20 mg/kg, po)[3]. In diabetic mouse models, hydroxycholic acid (100 mg/kg/day, po) enhances serum fasting GLP-1 secretion and glucose homeostasis [3].
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| Cell Assay |
Western Blot Analysis[3]
Cell Types: NCI-H716 cells Tested Concentrations: 50 μM Incubation Duration: 48 h Experimental Results: Inhibited the high expression of SHP (small heterodimer partner) induced by the FXR agonist. |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: BA depletion pigs[3]
Doses: 20 mg/kg Route of Administration: Oral administration (po) Experimental Results: Attenuated the increased blood glucose levels corresponding with GLP-1 decrease. Animal/Disease Models: db/db model, and the high-fat diet and streptozotocin (HFD+STZ) induced diabetic model[3] Doses: 100 mg/kg/day Route of Administration: Oral administration (po) Experimental Results: Improved oral glucose tolerances shown by lower glucose levels. Increased circulating active GLP- 1 levels and fasting insulin levels. |
| References |
[1]. Zheng X, et al. Hyocholic acid species as novel biomarkers for metabolic disorders. Nat Commun. 2021 Mar 5;12(1):1487.
[2]. van Berge Henegouwen, et al. Sulphated and unsulphated bile acids in serum, bile, and urine of patients with cholestasis. Gut 17(11), 861-869 (1976). [3]. Xiaojiao Zheng, et al. Hyocholic acid species improve glucose homeostasis through a distinct TGR5 and FXR signaling mechanism. Cell Metab. 2021 Apr 6;33(4):791-803.e7. |
| Molecular Formula |
C24H40O5
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
408.5714
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| CAS # |
547-75-1
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| Related CAS # |
Hyocholic Acid-d4;Hyocholic Acid-d5
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| SMILES |
C[C@H](CCC(=O)O)[C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@H](CC[C@]12C)[C@@]4(C)CC[C@H](C[C@H]4[C@H]([C@H]3O)O)O
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~62.5 mg/mL (~152.97 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.12 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.12 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.12 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.4476 mL | 12.2378 mL | 24.4756 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4895 mL | 2.4476 mL | 4.8951 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2448 mL | 1.2238 mL | 2.4476 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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