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10g |
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25g |
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50g |
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100g |
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Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic medication approved for use in the treatment of high blood pressure and swelling due to fluid build up.
ln Vitro |
One type of thiazide diuretic is hydrochlorothiazide. It works on the kidneys to lessen sodium (Na) reabsorption in the distal tubule, which lowers blood volume. By vying for chloride ion sites on the electrically neutral Na+-Cl cotransporter, the primary site of action in the nephron takes place. Hydrochlorothiazide can induce natriuresis with concurrent water loss by obstructing sodium ion transport in the distal convoluted tubules. At this point, thiazides improve calcium reabsorption without affecting sodium transport. Hydrochlorothiazide is also expected to lower peripheral vascular resistance through other methods [1].
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ln Vivo |
In adult male Sprague Dawley mice, hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ; oral; 12.5 mg/kg/d; 8 weeks) decreases the expression of AT1, TGF-β, and Smad2 in cardiac tissue, improves cardiac function, and decreases cardiac interstitial fibrosis and collagen volume fraction. Hydrochlorothiazide also lowers aldosterone and angiotensin II levels in the plasma. Furthermore, in newborn rat ventricular fibroblasts, hydrochlorothiazide can prevent the production of TGF-β1 and Smad2 proteins that are stimulated by angiotensin II [2].
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References |
[1]. Duarte, J.D. and R.M. Cooper-DeHoff, Mechanisms for blood pressure lowering and metabolic effects of thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther, 2010. 8(6): p. 793-802.
[2]. Jinghong Luo, et al. Hydrochlorothiazide modulates ischemic heart failure-induced cardiac remodeling via inhibiting angiotensin II type 1 receptor pathway in rats. Cardiovasc Ther. 2017 Apr;35(2). [3]. Magdy M Abdelquader, et al. Inhibition of Co-Crystallization of Olmesartan Medoxomil and Hydrochlorothiazide for Enhanced Dissolution Rate in Their Fixed Dose Combination. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2018 Dec 17;20(1):3. |
Molecular Formula |
C7H8CLN3O4S2
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Molecular Weight |
297.7391
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CAS # |
58-93-5
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Related CAS # |
Hydrochlorothiazid-d2;1219798-89-6;Hydrochlorothiazid-13C,d2;1190006-03-1;Hydrochlorothiazide-13C6;1261396-79-5
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SMILES |
ClC1C([H])=C2C(=C([H])C=1S(N([H])[H])(=O)=O)S(N([H])C([H])([H])N2[H])(=O)=O
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Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~50 mg/mL (~167.93 mM)
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Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.40 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.40 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C,1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.40 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
1 mM | 3.3586 mL | 16.7932 mL | 33.5864 mL | |
5 mM | 0.6717 mL | 3.3586 mL | 6.7173 mL | |
10 mM | 0.3359 mL | 1.6793 mL | 3.3586 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration: mg/mL;
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation::Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.