| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| 2g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
β2-adrenoceptor; α1-adrenoceptor
Higenamine targets β-adrenergic receptors. As a β-adrenergic receptor agonist, it binds to and activates these receptors, leading to increased heart rate and contractility. It can attenuate IL-1β-induced apoptosis through ROS-mediated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. It can also promote bone formation in osteoporosis through the SMAD2/3 pathway. |
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| ln Vitro |
Higenamine has the ability to agonist β2-adrenoceptors. It is also a weak α2 agonist and a α1 antagonist in addition to being a strong cardiotonic and vasodilator[1]. After 24 hours of incubation, hegemone exhibits a dose-dependent reduction in intracellular dopamine content of 55.2% in PC12 cells at a concentration of 2OM. In PC12 cells, higenamine has an IC50 value of 18.2 μM for inhibiting dopamine biosynthesis. After being exposed to higenamine, dopamine levels decrease and eventually reach a minimal level in 12 to 24 hours[2].
Higenamine has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity. It can attenuate IL-1β-induced apoptosis through ROS-mediated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. It can promote bone formation in osteoporosis through the SMAD2/3 pathway. Its activity as a β-adrenergic receptor agonist has been confirmed in various assays. |
| ln Vivo |
In tracheal muscle, heigemine can cause relaxation[1]. In model studies of acute thrombosis in mice and arterio-venous shunts (AV-shunts) in rats, hegigenamine exhibits antithrombotic properties. When given orally, higenamine (50 or 100 mg/kg) decreases the weight of thrombus that forms inside the AV-shunt tube in rats and improves recovery rates from the acute thrombotic challenge in mice#3.
Higenamine has been found in performance-enhancing drug (PED) samples seized by law enforcement. It has been studied for potential applications in heart failure, obesity, and energy metabolism. Its effects on heart rate and metabolism suggest potential in vivo activity. |
| Enzyme Assay |
The primary in vitro assay for Higenamine is a radioligand binding assay using membrane preparations from cells expressing β-adrenergic receptors. The compound's ability to displace a labeled ligand is measured to determine its binding affinity. Functional assays measure its ability to stimulate cAMP production in cells expressing the receptor.
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| Cell Assay |
RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated horse serum, 5% fetal calf serum, 100 units/ml penicillin, and 100 μg/ml streptomycin is used to regularly maintain PC12 cells at 37°C. After being treated with higenamine (5-2O μM), the PC12 cells (approximately 1×105 cells/cm2) are incubated for 12 (-48) hours. PBS is used to harvest the cells (approximately 1.5–2 × 105 cells/cm2), and the pellet extract is used to measure the amount of dopamine, as well as TH and AADC activities.
Cellular assays for Higenamine involve treating cells expressing β-adrenergic receptors with the compound and measuring its effects on receptor-mediated signaling. The activation of the receptor is assessed by measuring cAMP levels. Its anti-inflammatory effects can be assessed by measuring cytokine production in immune cells. |
| Animal Protocol |
Spontaneous osteoporosis SAMP6 mice model
10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.);Once daily for 60 days In vivo animal experiments for Higenamine would involve administering the compound to animal models of heart failure or metabolic disorders to assess its therapeutic potential. Its effects on heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolism would be evaluated. However, specific in vivo data is limited. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Higenamine hydrochloride has a molecular weight of 307.8 g/mol and a molecular formula of C16H18ClNO3. Its IUPAC name is 6,7-dihydroxy-1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline hydrochloride. It is also known as Demethylcoclaurine hydrochloride. It is typically stored as a powder.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Higenamine hydrochloride is a research compound that is not intended for human use. Its toxicological profile is not extensively characterized in the available literature. As a β-adrenergic agonist, it may have cardiovascular side effects. Standard safety precautions should be followed when handling.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Demethyltheobromine hydrochloride belongs to the isoquinoline class of compounds.
Higenamine hydrochloride is a naturally derived benzylisoquinoline alkaloid and a β-adrenergic receptor agonist. It has been studied for its stimulant effects on the heart and its potential applications in heart failure, obesity, and energy metabolism. It has also been found in performance-enhancing drug samples. It is available from various chemical suppliers for research purposes. |
| Molecular Formula |
C16H18CLNO3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
307.774
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| Exact Mass |
307.097
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 62.44; H, 5.90; Cl, 11.52; N, 4.55; O, 15.59
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| CAS # |
11041-94-4
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| Related CAS # |
(S)-Higenamine hydrobromide; 105990-27-0; Higenamine; 5843-65-2; (S)-Higenamine; 22672-77-1
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| PubChem CID |
165901
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Boiling Point |
522.4ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
209.6ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
1.56E-11mmHg at 25°C
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| LogP |
3.363
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
21
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| Complexity |
317
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
Cl[H].O([H])C1=C(C([H])=C2C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])C3C([H])=C([H])C(=C([H])C=3[H])O[H])C2=C1[H])O[H]
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| InChi Key |
SWWQQSDRUYSMAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C16H17NO3.ClH/c18-12-3-1-10(2-4-12)7-14-13-9-16(20)15(19)8-11(13)5-6-17-14;/h1-4,8-9,14,17-20H,5-7H2;1H
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| Chemical Name |
1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6,7-diol;hydrochloride
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| Synonyms |
Higenamine HCl; norcoclaurine HCl; (+-)-Demethylcoclaurine hydrochloride; Higenamine hydrochloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 61~100 mg/mL (198.2~324.9 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.76 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.76 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: 100 mg/mL (324.92 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.2492 mL | 16.2459 mL | 32.4918 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6498 mL | 3.2492 mL | 6.4984 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3249 mL | 1.6246 mL | 3.2492 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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