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Purity: ≥98%
Hematoxylin (also known as Hydroxybrazilin; Natural Black 1) is a natural compound that forms strongly colored complexes with certain metal ions, notably Fe(III) and Al(III) salts and a kind of stain in histology. It is extracted from the bark of the logwood tree. Metal-haematein complexes are used to stain cell nuclei prior to examination under a microscope. Structures that stain with iron- or aluminium-haematein are often called basophilic, even though the mechanism of the staining is different from that of staining with basic dyes. Haematoxylin and eosin stain is one of the most commonly used stains in histology.
| ln Vitro |
Hematoxylin oxidizes to reddish brown hematein when it comes into contact with air. Hematoxylin, when converted to its hematein form and mixed with a mordant (often a metal salt), gives tissue slices a stain that ranges from deep blue to black, depending on the staining technique used. Hematoxylin is also amphoteric in its hematein form on its own; it is blue at alkaline pH and red at acid pH. Nonspecific staining is eliminated by differentiation that comes after Hematoxylin staining[1]. In SH-SY5Y cells, hematoxylin treatment significantly reduces the cytotoxicity caused by Aβ42. One possible agent against Aβ fibrillogenesis and cytotoxicity is hematoxylin[2]. The foundation of anatomical pathology diagnosis is the tissue section stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). To make it easy to distinguish between distinct cell components, the H&E process dyes the cytoplasm and nucleus with different colors[3].
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| ln Vivo |
Guidelines (This is our suggested protocol; it should be adjusted based on your unique requirements as it just offers as a guideline). The H&E staining procedure[4]: 1. Staining racks should be used to hold the glass slides containing the paraffin sections. In three changes of xylene, remove the paraffin from the samples for two minutes each time. 2. Assist in hydrating the samples. I. Slides should be put through three 100% ethanol changes, lasting two minutes each. ii. For two minutes, switch to 95% ethanol. iv. Shift to a 70% ethanol for two minutes IV. 3. Rinse the slides for at least two minutes under running room temperature tap water. 4. Stain the samples for three minutes with hematoxylin solution. 5. Run some cold water over the slides under the faucet for at least five minutes. 6. Stain the samples for two minutes in a working eosin Y solution. Assemble the samples and dehydrate them. I. About 20 times, submerge the slides in 95% ethanol. ii. For two minutes, switch to 95% ethanol. iv. Go through two changes in 100% ethanol, giving each change two minutes. 7. Samples should be cleared in three xylene changes, lasting two minutes each. 8. Put a coverslip on each slide after covering the tissue with a drop of Permount. Look over the slides under a microscope.
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| References |
[1]. M Titford. The long history of hematoxylin. Biotech Histochem. Mar-Apr 2005;80(2):73-8.
[2]. Yilong Tu, et al. Hematoxylin Inhibits Amyloid β-Protein Fibrillation and Alleviates Amyloid-Induced Cytotoxicity. J Phys Chem B. 2016 Nov 10;120(44):11360-11368. [3]. Ada T Feldman, et al. Tissue processing and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Methods Mol Biol. 2014;1180:31-43. [4]. Robert D Cardiff, et al. Manual hematoxylin and eosin staining of mouse tissue sections. Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2014 Jun 2;2014(6):655-8. |
| Molecular Formula |
C16H14O6
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| Molecular Weight |
302.28
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| CAS # |
517-28-2
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| Related CAS # |
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| SMILES |
OC1=C(O)C2=C(C=C1)C3[C@@](CO2)(O)CC4C3=CC(O)=C(O)C=4
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| InChi Key |
HLUCICHZHWJHLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C16H12O6/c17-10-2-1-8-13-9-4-12(19)11(18)3-7(9)5-16(13,21)6-22-15(8)14(10)20/h1-4,17,19-21H,5-6H2
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| Chemical Name |
3,4,6a,10-tetrahydroxy-6a,7-dihydroindeno[2,1-c]chromen-9(6H)-one
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| Synonyms |
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
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| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.27 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.27 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.27 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 4.17 mg/mL (13.80 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication (<60°C). |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.3082 mL | 16.5410 mL | 33.0819 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6616 mL | 3.3082 mL | 6.6164 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3308 mL | 1.6541 mL | 3.3082 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
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