| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
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| ln Vitro |
Glutaric acid (GA) at 1 and 2 mM was able to decrease TRAP readings in a dose-dependent manner by up to 28% (β=0.77; P<0.001). Furthermore, it was confirmed that there is a substantial negative association (β=0.81; P<0.001) between chemiluminescence and TRAP. Although glutaric acid severely reduced (up to 46%) the activity of GPx even at lower concentrations (0.5 mM), it had no effect on the activity of Cat or SOD. At as little as 0.05 mM, this metabolite was shown to block this activity in a dose-dependent manner [1].
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Metabolism / Metabolites
RAT LIVER MITOCHONDRIA METABOLIZED GLUTARATE VERY SLOWLY COMPARED WITH GLUTARYL-COENZYME A (COA). GLUTARYL-COA DEHYDROGENASE, WHICH CATALYZES THE STOICHIOMETRIC CONVERSION OF GLUTARYL-COA TO 1 MOLE EACH OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND CROTONYL-COA OR ITS INTERMEDIATE METABOLITE, WAS PURIFIED APPROX 44- AND 100-FOLD FROM BOVINE LIVER AND KIDNEY MITOCHONDRIA, RESPECTIVELY. THE KM FOR GLUTARYL-COA WAS 3.3 MUM. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity Summary
Accumulation of glutaric acid in the body has been shown to be toxic. The accumulation of glutaric acid ranging from slightly or intermittently elevated urinary glutaric acid to gross organic aciduria occurs in glutaric aciduria. Glutaric aciduria type 1 is an autosomal-recessive disorder resulting from a deficiency of mitochondrial glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase which is involved in the metabolism of lysine, hydroxylysine, and tryptophan. Interactions LITHIUM CHLORIDE (1.15 G) OR LITHIUM CARBAMATE (1.5-4 G) INCREASED THE RENAL EXCRETION OF GLUTARATE IN MANIC DEPRESSIVE PATIENTS. THE EFFECTS OF LITHIUM ARE PROBABLY CAUSED BY DECREASED RENAL TUBULAR RESORPTION. |
| References |
[1]. Yang SY, et, al. Production of glutaric acid from 5-aminovaleric acid by robust whole-cell immobilized with polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol. Enzyme Microb Technol. 2019 Sep;128:72-78.
[2]. Boy N, et, al. Proposed recommendations for diagnosing and managing individuals with glutaric aciduria type I: second revision. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2017 Jan;40(1):75-101. [3]. Isasi E, et, al. Glutaric Acid Affects Pericyte Contractility and Migration: Possible Implications for GA-I Pathogenesis. Mol Neurobiol. 2019 Nov;56(11):7694-7707. |
| Additional Infomation |
Glutaric acid appears as colorless crystals or white solid. (NTP, 1992)
Glutaric acid is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is a linear five-carbon dicarboxylic acid. It has a role as a human metabolite and a Daphnia magna metabolite. It is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid and a dicarboxylic fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a glutarate(1-) and a glutarate. Glutaric acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655). Glutaric acid has been reported in Glycine max, Drosophila melanogaster, and other organisms with data available. Glutaric acid is a simple five-carbon linear dicarboxylic acid. The accumulation of glutaric acid ranging from slightly or intermittently elevated urinary glutaric acid to gross organic aciduria occurs in Glutaric aciduria. Glutaric aciduria type 1 is an autosomal-recessive disorder resulting from a deficiency of mitochondrial glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.7, GCDH) which is involved in the metabolism of lysine, hydroxylysine, and tryptophan. Glutaric aciduria type I lead to nonspecific developmental delay, hypotonia, and macrocephaly with cerebral atrophy of prenatal onset. Treatment is mainly based on restriction of lysine intake, supplementation of carnitine, and an intensification of therapy during intercurrent illnesses. The major principle of dietary treatment is to reduce the production of glutaric acid and 3-hydroxyglutaric acid by restriction of natural protein in general and of lysine in particular. (A3441, A3442). See also: Carboxylic acids, C6-18 and C5-15-di- (annotation moved to); Carboxylic acids, di-, C4-6 (annotation moved to). Therapeutic Uses EXPTL USE: GLUTARIC ACID HAD IN VITRO VIRUCIDAL ACTIVITY AGAINST LARGE NUMBER OF VIRUSES SUCH AS RHINOVIRUS & HERPES. MEDICATION (VET): GLUTARIC ACID & P-AMINOBENZOIC ACID BLOCKED NET FLUID SECRETION CAUSED BY CHOLERA TOXIN OR THE HEAT-STABLE ENTEROTOXIN OF ESCHERICHIA COLI. THE TISSUE EXAMINED WAS LIGATED JEJUNAL LOOPS IN WEANLING PIGS. AGENT IN ANIMAL DIABETES & BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH |
| Molecular Formula |
C5H8O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
132.1146
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| Exact Mass |
132.042
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| CAS # |
110-94-1
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| Related CAS # |
Glutaric acid-d6;154184-99-3;Glutaric acid-d4;19136-99-3;Glutaric acid-d2;43087-19-0
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| PubChem CID |
743
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| Appearance |
LARGE, MONOCLINIC PRISMS
COLORLESS CRYSTALS |
| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
302.9±15.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
95-98 °C(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
151.2±16.9 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.4 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.477
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| LogP |
-1.04
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
9
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| Complexity |
104
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O([H])C(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(=O)O[H])=O
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| InChi Key |
JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C5H8O4/c6-4(7)2-1-3-5(8)9/h1-3H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)
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| Chemical Name |
pentanedioic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~125 mg/mL (~946.11 mM)
H2O : ≥ 100 mg/mL (~756.89 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (15.74 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (15.74 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (15.74 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 7.5694 mL | 37.8472 mL | 75.6945 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.5139 mL | 7.5694 mL | 15.1389 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.7569 mL | 3.7847 mL | 7.5694 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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