| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| Other Sizes |
Glabrol is natural product of the flavonoid class. Glabrol is isolated from ethanol extract of licorice roots and it is an inbitor of Acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) (IC50 = 24.6 μM for rat liver microsomal ACAT activity).
| Targets |
ACAT (acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase) from rat liver microsomes (IC50 = 24.6 μM; Ki = 2.7 μM for non-competitive inhibition against [1-14C]oleoyl CoA)
ACAT-mediated cholesterol esterification in HepG2 cells (IC50 = 26.0 μM) [1] |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Glabrol (compound 1) has an IC50 value of 26.0 μM, which inhibits the synthesis of cholesteryl esters in HepG2 cells [1].
glabrol inhibited rat liver microsomal ACAT activity in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 24.6 μM. The positive control phenylpyrone A showed an IC50 of 0.8 μM in the same assay. [1] Other flavonoids from licorice roots, including liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, ononin, and glycycoumarin, did not inhibit ACAT activity at 100 μM. [1] Kinetic analysis using a Lineweaver-Burk plot revealed that glabrol is a non-competitive type inhibitor of ACAT, with an apparent Michaelis constant (Km) of 4.9 μM for [1-14C]oleoyl CoA and an inhibition constant (Ki) of 2.7 μM. [1] In human hepatoma HepG2 cells, glabrol inhibited the incorporation of [1-14C]oleic acid into cellular cholesteryl esters in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 26.0 μM. [1] glabrol at 250 μM did not show cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. [1] |
| Enzyme Assay |
Rat liver microsomal ACAT activity was measured as previously described. The reaction was performed at 37°C for 30 minutes. For kinetic analysis, rat hepatic microsomes (100 μg protein) were preincubated in the presence or absence of glabrol (24.6 μM) prior to incubation with [1-14C]oleoyl CoA for 30 minutes at 37°C. The apparent Michaelis constant (Km) and inhibition constant (Ki) were calculated from Lineweaver-Burk plots. [1]
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| Cell Assay |
Human hepatoma HepG2 cells were seeded in 6-well plates at a density of 1×10^6 cells/mL/well and cultured in medium containing 10% FBS for 2 days, then cultured overnight in medium containing 1% bovine serum albumin. The medium was replaced, and cells were incubated with 2.5 μL of glabrol (or 0.1% DMSO as vehicle) and 0.5 μCi of [1-14C]oleic acid for 6 hours at 37°C. After incubation, the medium was removed, and cells were washed three times with phosphate buffered saline. Intracellular lipids were extracted with hexane/isopropanol (3:2), and the organic phase was evaporated under nitrogen. The total lipid extract was separated by silica gel thin-layer chromatography using petroleum ether/diethyl ether/acetic acid (90:10:1). The amount of radioactivity incorporated into cholesteryl esters was analyzed with a bioimaging analyzer. Residual cell protein was determined after digestion in 0.1 N NaOH. [1]
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
In HepG2 cells, glabrol at a concentration of 250 μM did not show cytotoxicity. No other toxicity data were reported. [1]
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Glycyrrhizin belongs to the flavanone class of compounds. It has been reported to be found in Euchresta horsfieldii, Euchresta formosana, and other organisms with relevant data. See also: Glycyrrhiza glabra (partial).
Acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) esterifies free cholesterol in the liver and intestine and is related to lipoprotein production and cholesteryl ester accumulation in atherosclerosis. ACAT inhibitors may act as antihypercholesterolemic and antiatherosclerotic agents. Licorice roots have been traditionally used for gastric and duodenal ulcers, bronchial asthma, and inflammation. Previous studies suggested that dietary flavonoids from licorice extract have beneficial effects against atherosclerotic lesion development, mainly attributed to antioxidant actions. This study reports for the first time that glabrol non-competitively inhibits ACAT and cholesteryl ester formation in HepG2 cells, suggesting that the antiatherosclerotic activity of licorice in hypercholesterolemic patients might be related to its ACAT inhibitory effect. [1] |
| Molecular Formula |
C25H28O4
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
392.4874
|
| Exact Mass |
392.199
|
| CAS # |
59870-65-4
|
| PubChem CID |
11596309
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| Appearance |
White to light yellow solid powder
|
| Density |
1.166g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
600ºC at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
121-123 C
|
| Flash Point |
204.3ºC
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.599
|
| LogP |
5.821
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
29
|
| Complexity |
629
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
|
| SMILES |
CC(=CCC1=C(C=CC(=C1)[C@@H]2CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3)O)CC=C(C)C)O)C
|
| InChi Key |
CUFAXDWQDQQKFF-DEOSSOPVSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C25H28O4/c1-15(2)5-7-17-13-18(8-11-21(17)26)24-14-23(28)20-10-12-22(27)19(25(20)29-24)9-6-16(3)4/h5-6,8,10-13,24,26-27H,7,9,14H2,1-4H3/t24-/m0/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(2S)-7-hydroxy-2-[4-hydroxy-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenyl]-8-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~254.78 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.37 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.37 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.37 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.5478 mL | 12.7392 mL | 25.4784 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5096 mL | 2.5478 mL | 5.0957 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2548 mL | 1.2739 mL | 2.5478 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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