| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Gentiopicrin targets cytochrome P450 enzymes, specifically inhibiting CYP2A6 activity. It is a non-competitive inhibitor of CYP2A6 at lower concentrations and a competitive inhibitor at higher concentrations. The compound has an IC50 of 61 μM and a Ki of 22.8 μM for CYP2A6. It also slightly inhibits CYP2E1 activity with an IC50 of 1.6 mM. Gentiopicrin inhibits expression of NMDA receptors. Its anti-inflammatory effects are mediated through modulation of inflammatory mediators.
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| ln Vitro |
Gentiopiroside has an IC50 of 61 µM and a Ki of 8.12 µM for CYP2A6, respectively, meaning that it inhibits P450 activity. With an IC50 of 1.6 mM, it also marginally suppresses CYP2E1 activity, but not CYP1A2 or CYP3A4 [1]. In a dose-dependent manner, gentiopiroside (12.5, 25, and 50 μM) inhibits the formation of osteoclasts induced by RANKL in mouse bone marrow macrophages (BMM), inhibits the expression of proteins related to osteoclasts, and stops nuclear factor-κB ligand (Receptor activator of RANKL), which activates JNK and NF-κB. Additionally, RANKL-induced bone resorption is inhibited by gentianopicroside (50 μM) [3].
Gentiopicrin inhibits P450 activity with an IC50 of 61 μM and a Ki of 22.8 μM for CYP2A6. It slightly inhibits CYP2E1 activity with an IC50 of 1.6 mM. The compound exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in vitro. It has antibacterial and free radical scavenging activities. Gentiopicrin inhibits expression of NMDA receptors. Its antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum W2 has been observed with an IC50 greater than 50.0 μg/mL. |
| ln Vivo |
In mice, gentianopicroside (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) significantly decreased the index of stomach ulcers. Additionally, gentiopicroside (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) markedly decreased HSP-70, TNF-α, IL-6, and MDA levels while increasing GSH and SOD activity. Furthermore, gentiopicrin can restore mice's EGF and VEGF levels to normal [2].
Gentiopicrin shows anti-addiction, anticonvulsant, and anxiolytic activities in vivo. The compound exhibits anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and liver protecting activities in animal models. Its analgesic properties have been demonstrated in preclinical studies. The compound's effects on TNF-α, IL-6, MDA, GSH, and SOD levels have been observed in vivo. Specific dosing regimens and detailed efficacy data are available in the scientific literature. |
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for gentiopicrin involve measuring the inhibition of CYP2A6 and CYP2E1 activities using purified enzyme preparations or liver microsomes. The compound is incubated with CYP enzymes and appropriate substrates, and metabolite formation is measured by HPLC or LC-MS. The IC50 and Ki values are determined from dose-response and kinetic studies. NMDA receptor expression inhibition can be assessed using receptor binding assays. These cell-free assays provide mechanistic insights into the compound's activities.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for gentiopicrin involve treating immune cells, neuronal cells, or other cell types with the compound to assess its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. Cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-6) is measured by ELISA. Oxidative stress markers (MDA, GSH, SOD) are assessed using biochemical assays. Cell viability is measured using MTT or similar assays. NMDA receptor expression is analyzed by Western blotting or qPCR. These cellular studies characterize the compound's pharmacological activities.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for gentiopicrin have been conducted in models of inflammation, epilepsy, and addiction. Animals are treated with gentiopicrin orally or via injection. Anti-inflammatory effects are assessed by measuring cytokine levels and inflammatory markers. Anticonvulsant activity is evaluated in seizure models. Anti-addiction and anxiolytic effects are assessed using behavioral tests. Liver protecting effects are evaluated in models of liver injury. Efficacy endpoints include biomarker analysis and histopathology.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Gentiopicrin has a molecular weight and formula consistent with secoiridoid glycosides. It is a naturally occurring compound isolated from Gentiana species. The compound is typically extracted using methanol or other organic solvents. Its aqueous solubility is enhanced by its glycosidic structure. Specific pharmacokinetic data such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination are not extensively reported. The compound is typically stored under recommended conditions for natural products.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Specific toxicity data for gentiopicrin includes general toxicity in brine shrimp lethality assays. As a natural compound from Gentiana species with a history of use in traditional medicine, it is generally considered to have a moderate safety profile. Comprehensive toxicological studies would be required for therapeutic development. Standard safety precautions should be taken when handling the compound in research settings.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Gentiopicrin is a glycoside. It has been reported to be found in Gentiana macrophylla, Gentiana scabra, and other organisms with relevant data. See also: whole plant (part) of Centaurium erythraea.
Gentiopicrin (gentiopicroside) is a secoiridoid glycoside from Gentiana species with anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and analgesic properties. It inhibits CYP2A6 (IC50 = 61 μM, Ki = 22.8 μM) and slightly inhibits CYP2E1. The compound shows anti-addiction, anticonvulsant, and anxiolytic activities in vivo. It has antibacterial, free radical scavenging, and liver protecting activities. Gentiopicrin inhibits NMDA receptor expression. |
| Molecular Formula |
C16H20O9
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
356.32
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| Exact Mass |
356.11
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| CAS # |
20831-76-9
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| PubChem CID |
88708
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.5±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
667.8±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
191°C
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| Flash Point |
247.1±25.0 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±4.6 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.623
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| LogP |
-3.17
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
9
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
25
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| Complexity |
598
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
7
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| SMILES |
C=C[C@H]1[C@@H](OC=C2C1=CCOC2=O)O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
DUAGQYUORDTXOR-GPQRQXLASA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C16H20O9/c1-2-7-8-3-4-22-14(21)9(8)6-23-15(7)25-16-13(20)12(19)11(18)10(5-17)24-16/h2-3,6-7,10-13,15-20H,1,4-5H2/t7-,10-,11-,12+,13-,15+,16+/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(3S,4R)-4-ethenyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4,6-dihydro-3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-8-one
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| Synonyms |
O 673 O-673 O673
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~250 mg/mL (~701.62 mM)
H2O : ≥ 100 mg/mL (~280.65 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.84 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.84 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.84 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 100 mg/mL (280.65 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.8065 mL | 14.0323 mL | 28.0647 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5613 mL | 2.8065 mL | 5.6129 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2806 mL | 1.4032 mL | 2.8065 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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