Gemcitabine

Alias: LY-188011; LY 188011; LY188011; Abbreviations: dFdC; dFdCyd; Gemzar
Cat No.:V1478 Purity: ≥98%
Gemcitabine (formerly LY-188011, NSC-613327; LY188011, NSC613327; dFdC; dFdCyd; trade name: Gemzar), an approved antimetabolite anticancer drug, is a potent DNA synthesis inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity.
Gemcitabine Chemical Structure CAS No.: 95058-81-4
Product category: DNA(RNA) Synthesis
This product is for research use only, not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Size Price Stock Qty
250mg
500mg
1g
2g
5g
10g
Other Sizes

Other Forms of Gemcitabine:

  • Gemcitabine HCl
Official Supplier of:
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Purity & Quality Control Documentation

Purity: ≥98%

Product Description

Gemcitabine (formerly LY-188011, NSC-613327; LY188011, NSC613327; dFdC; dFdCyd; trade name: Gemzar), an approved antimetabolite anticancer drug, is a potent DNA synthesis inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. With IC50s of 50 nM, 40 nM, 18 nM, and 12 nM, respectively, it suppresses the growth of PANC1, MIAPaCa2, BxPC3, and Capan2 cells. Difluorodeoxycytidine di- and triphosphate (dFdCDP, dFdCTP) are the active metabolites of gemcitabine that are produced intracellularly. The deoxynucleotide pool available for DNA synthesis is reduced when dFdCDP inhibits ribonucleotide reductase.

Biological Activity I Assay Protocols (From Reference)
Targets
DNA synthesis
ln Vitro

Gemcitabine causes a 50% growth inhibition with an IC50 of 1 ng/ml in the CCRF-CEM human leukemia cell culture assay. Gemcitabine and deoxycytidine are taken together, biological activity is reduced by approximately 1000 times.[1]
Gemcitabine and C225 have additive cytotoxic effects that get stronger at higher gemcitabine concentrations in human pancreatic carcinoma L3.6pl cells.[2]
Gemcitabine and Cisplatin together have a synergistic effect on ADDP cells that are resistant to Cisplatin and wild-type A2780 cells.[3]

ln Vivo
Gemcitabine and C225 cause growth inhibition, tumor regression, and abrogation of metastasis in L3.6pl tumors established in the pancreas of nude mice. The median tumor volume decreases from 538 to 152 mm3 with gemcitabine treatment alone. When gemcitabine is used to treat tumors, it lowers the synthesis of interleukin 8 and vascular endothelial growth factor.[2]
Gemcitabine is capable of significantly and selectively reducing the number of myeloid suppressor cells in the spleens of large tumor-bearing animals without significantly lowering CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, NK cells, macrophages, or B cells.[4]
In comparison to tumors from control mice treated with olive oil alone, gemcitabine combined with curcumin exhibits significant reductions in volume (P = 0.008 versus control; P = 0.036 versus gemcitabine alone), Ki-67 proliferation index (P = 0.030 versus control), NF-kappaB activation, and expression of NF-kappaB-regulated gene products (cyclin D1, c-myc, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein-1, cyclooxygenase-2, matrix metalloproteinase, and vascular endothelial growth factor). Reduced CD31(+) microvessel density is another sign that gemcitabine and curcumin work very well together to suppress angiogenesis.[5]
Cell Assay
In a 96-well plate, BxPC-3, MIA PaCa-2, and PANC-1 cells are seeded. Cells are treated for a further 24 or 48 hours with vehicle, DMAPT, and/or Gemcitabine after 24 hours. Using the Cell Death Detection ELISA, apoptosis is measured in relation to vehicle-treated cells by counting the quantity of cytoplasmic histone-associated DNA fragments.
Animal Protocol
Female BALB/c nude mice
5 mg/kg
i.p.
References

[1]. Cancer Res . 1990 Jul 15;50(14):4417-22.

[2]. Clin Cancer Res . 2000 May;6(5):1936-48.

[3]. Semin Oncol . 1995 Aug;22(4 Suppl 11):72-9.

[4]. Clin Cancer Res . 2005 Sep 15;11(18):6713-21.

[5]. Cancer Res . 2007 Apr 15;67(8):3853-61.

[6]. Mol Cancer . 2022 May 10;21(1):112.

These protocols are for reference only. InvivoChem does not independently validate these methods.
Physicochemical Properties
Molecular Formula
C9H11F2N3O4
Molecular Weight
263.2
Exact Mass
263.07
Elemental Analysis
C, 41.07; H, 4.21; F, 14.44; N, 15.97; O, 24.31
CAS #
95058-81-4
Appearance
Solid powder
SMILES
C1=CN(C(=O)N=C1N)[C@H]2C([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)(F)F
InChi Key
SDUQYLNIPVEERB-QPPQHZFASA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C9H11F2N3O4/c10-9(11)6(16)4(3-15)18-7(9)14-2-1-5(12)13-8(14)17/h1-2,4,6-7,15-16H,3H2,(H2,12,13,17)/t4-,6-,7-/m1/s1
Chemical Name
4-amino-1-[(2R,4R,5R)-3,3-difluoro-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyrimidin-2-one
Synonyms
LY-188011; LY 188011; LY188011; Abbreviations: dFdC; dFdCyd; Gemzar
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
Storage

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Shipping Condition
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
Solubility Data
Solubility (In Vitro)
DMSO: 15~250 mg/mL (57.0~949.9 mM)
Water: ~16 mg/mL (~60.8 mM)
Ethanol: <1 mg/mL
Preparing Stock Solutions 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 3.7994 mL 18.9970 mL 37.9939 mL
5 mM 0.7599 mL 3.7994 mL 7.5988 mL
10 mM 0.3799 mL 1.8997 mL 3.7994 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.

Calculator

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g/mol

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Note: Chemical formula is case sensitive: C12H18N3O4  c12h18n3o4
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In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal to make allowance for loss during the experiment)
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Calculation results

Working concentration mg/mL;

Method for preparing DMSO stock solution mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation:Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.

(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
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Clinical Trial Information
NCT Number Recruitment interventions Conditions Sponsor/Collaborators Start Date Phases
NCT03507491 Active
Recruiting
Drug: Gemcitabine
Drug: Nab-paclitaxel
Cancer Emory University August 27, 2018 Phase 1
NCT05093322 Active
Recruiting
Drug: Surufatinib in combination
with Gemcitabine
Solid Tumor
Lymphoma
Hutchmed November 30, 2021 Phase 1
Phase 2
NCT04634539 Active
Recruiting
Drug: Gemcitabine
Drug: Nab-paclitaxel
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Pancreatic Cancer
Jun Gong, MD May 13, 2021 Phase 1
NCT03520790 Active
Recruiting
Drug: Gemcitabine
Drug: Nab-paclitaxel
Pancreatic Cancer Dana-Farber Cancer Institute December 5, 2018 Phase 1
Phase 2
NCT00479128 Active
Recruiting
Drug: Bortezomib
Drug: Gemcitabine
Solid Tumor
Urethral Cancer
M.D. Anderson Cancer Center September 28, 2006 Phase 1
Biological Data
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