| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Galangin targets multiple cellular pathways and enzymes. As a flavonoid, it modulates various signaling pathways involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell proliferation. It inhibits COX-2 and other inflammatory enzymes. Galangin also activates the Nrf2/ARE antioxidant pathway, enhancing endogenous antioxidant defenses. Its anticancer effects are mediated through induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Its antimicrobial activity is attributed to its ability to disrupt microbial cell membranes.
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| ln Vitro |
Thin layer chromatography was used to measure how dose-dependently galangin (Norizalpinin) blocks the downstream activation of DMBA. Moreover, galangin prevents DMBA-DNA adducts and DMBA-induced cell proliferation. As shown by O-determinase activity in intact cells and by isolated microsomes from DMBA-treated cells, galangal produced a strong dose-dependent suppression of CYP1A1 activity. The results of the double reciprocal plot analysis of inhibition kinetics indicate that galangal, as opposed to non-galangin, increased the levels of CYP1A1 mRNA, indicating that it may be an agonist of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. However, it inhibits the induction of CYP1A1 mRNA by -p-dioxin (TCDD) or DMBA. Moreover, galangin prevents the control of reporter vectors carrying the CYP1A1 promoter by TCDD or DMBA [1]. Cells are treated with galangin to induce autophagy (at 130 μM) and labeling (at 370 μM). Specifically, treatment of HepG2 cells with galangin results in a rise in microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 levels, an accumulation of autophagosomes, and an increase in the percentage of cells within the vacuole. Additionally, p53 expression is elevated. While overexpressing p53 in Hep3B cells returns the majority of galangin-induced vacuolated cells to normal levels, p53 inhibition in HepG2 cells alleviates galangin-induced autophagy [2].
In vitro, galangin exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. Its antioxidant activity has been demonstrated using standard cell-free assays such as DPPH and ABTS. It reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in various cell types. It inhibits the growth of various bacteria and fungi. Its anticancer effects include induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation in various cancer cell lines. These activities have been characterized in various in vitro systems. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, galangin has demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects in animal models. The compound has been shown to reduce inflammation in models of inflammatory diseases. Its antioxidant effects have been demonstrated in models of oxidative stress. Its anticancer activity has been evaluated in tumor xenograft models. Its in vivo efficacy supports its potential for therapeutic applications. Specific dosing regimens and detailed efficacy data are available in the scientific literature.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for galangin involve measuring its effects on enzymes involved in inflammation and oxidative stress. COX-2 inhibition is assessed using enzyme activity assays. Antioxidant activity is assessed using standard cell-free assays such as DPPH, ABTS, or FRAP. Its effects on various enzymes can be assessed using purified enzyme preparations. These assays provide mechanistic insights into the compound's activities.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for galangin involve treating various cell types with the compound to assess its effects on cell viability, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Cytokine production is measured by ELISA. Cell viability is measured using MTT or similar assays. Apoptosis is quantified by flow cytometry or caspase activity assays. Oxidative stress markers are measured using fluorescent probes. These assays characterize the compound's pharmacological activities.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for galangin have been conducted in models of inflammation, cancer, and oxidative stress. Animals are treated with galangin orally or via injection. Anti-inflammatory effects are assessed by measuring inflammatory markers and tissue histology. Anticancer effects are evaluated in tumor xenograft models. Antioxidant effects are assessed by measuring oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzyme activities. Efficacy endpoints depend on the specific model being studied.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Metabolism / Metabolites
Known human metabolites of galangin include (2S,3S,4S,5R)-6-(5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenylchromene-3-yl)oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxetane-2-carboxylic acid, kaempferol, and (2S,3S,4S,5R)-6-(3,5-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenylchromene-7-yl)oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxetane-2-carboxylic acid. Galangin has a molecular weight of 270.24 and a molecular formula of C15H10O5. It is a naturally occurring flavonoid found in Alpinia officinarum. The compound is a yellow crystalline powder. It is soluble in organic solvents and has limited aqueous solubility. It is typically stored under recommended conditions for natural products. Its physical and chemical properties are consistent with flavonols. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Specific toxicity data for galangin is not extensively reported. As a natural flavonoid, it is generally considered to have a favorable safety profile. However, comprehensive toxicological studies would be required for therapeutic development. The compound may have cytotoxic effects at high concentrations. Standard safety precautions should be taken when handling the compound.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Galangin is a 7-hydroxyflavonol with additional hydroxyl groups at positions 3 and 5; it can inhibit the growth of breast tumor cells. Galangin has antibacterial activity, is an EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor, and is also a plant metabolite. It is a trihydroxyflavonoid and a 7-hydroxyflavonol. Galangin has been reported to be found in tea plants (Camellia sinensis), bees (Apis), and several other organisms with relevant data.
Galangin is a naturally occurring flavonoid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. It is found in Alpinia officinarum and other plants. The compound has been studied for its potential in treating various diseases. Galangin is a research compound with applications in pharmacology and natural product research. It is a member of the flavonol class of flavonoids. |
| Molecular Formula |
C15H10O5
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| Molecular Weight |
270.24
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| Exact Mass |
270.052
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| CAS # |
548-83-4
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| Related CAS # |
Galangin-13C3
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| PubChem CID |
5281616
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.6±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
518.6±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
214-215 °C(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
202.0±23.6 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.4 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.748
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| LogP |
2.83
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
20
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| Complexity |
424
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
VCCRNZQBSJXYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C15H10O5/c16-9-6-10(17)12-11(7-9)20-15(14(19)13(12)18)8-4-2-1-3-5-8/h1-7,16-17,19H
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| Chemical Name |
3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one
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| Synonyms |
Norizalpinin Galangin
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~125 mg/mL (~462.55 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.70 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 +5% Tween-80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 + to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.7004 mL | 18.5021 mL | 37.0041 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7401 mL | 3.7004 mL | 7.4008 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3700 mL | 1.8502 mL | 3.7004 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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