| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| 2g |
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| 10g |
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| Other Sizes |
Purity: ≥98%
| Targets |
COMT; 5-HT1A Receptor
Serotonin receptor antagonist (5-HT receptor antagonist) [1] The antispasmodic agent flopropione is commonly used as part of conservative therapy for ureteral stones in Japan, typically administered to reduce ureteral spasms that cause stone stagnation and pain symptoms. It is often prescribed together with an extract of Quercus salicina Blume/Quercus stenophylla Makino (QS) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for renal colic associated with urolithiasis. [3] Flopropione targets multiple pathways to exert its spasmolytic effect. It acts as a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist and a catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor. Recent mechanistic studies have identified novel molecular targets including ryanodine receptors (RyR)/IP3 receptors and the TRPV3 ion channel. Flopropione selectively inhibits TRPV3 currents with an IC50 value of 17.8 ± 3.5 µM. It also modulates ryanodine and IP3 receptors, disrupting coordinated calcium dynamics and leading to spasmolytic effects. This multi-target mechanism contributes to its tissue-selective smooth muscle relaxation. |
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| ln Vitro |
Flopropione does not exhibit Lorentzian relaxation below its T(g) temperature. When the temperature drops below its T(g), flopropione exhibits greater molecular mobility than nifedipine. The entire temperature range of flopropione exhibits an Arrhenius temperature dependence, and the extrapolation of tau (beta) measured above T (g) by dielectric relaxation agreed with tau (beta) measured below T (g) by TAM/MDSC.
In vitro, Flopropione has been shown to exert a spasmolytic effect on smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as the pancreatobiliary and urinary systems. It selectively inhibits TRPV3 channels with an IC50 value of 17.8 ± 3.5 µM. Flopropione does not exhibit Lorentzian relaxation phenomena below Tg, and its molecular mobility is higher than that of Nifedipine below Tg. It exhibits Arrhenius temperature dependence over the entire temperature range. These in vitro studies confirm its activity as a spasmolytic agent and its modulation of ion channels and receptors. |
| ln Vivo |
Retrospective comparisons with patients whose passage was spontaneous have been made to assess the impact of flopropione, an antispasmodic medication, on the rate of calculus passage from the urinary tract. After administration, flopropine has been demonstrated to outperform the control in cumulative passage rate with statistical significance. It has been demonstrated that flopropine has a spasmolytic effect on the smooth muscle of the pancreatobiliary and urinary systems in addition to the gastrointestinal tract[3].
In vivo, Flopropione has been used clinically for gallstone and urolithiasis management, predominantly in Japan. It has demonstrated a 94.0% pain relief rate in ureteral lithiasis compared to 83.9% for anticholinergic control. The compound exerts a spasmolytic effect not only on smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract but also on smooth muscle of the pancreatobiliary and urinary systems. Its clinical use is based on its ability to relieve spasms in patients with hepatobiliary disorders, pancreatitis, and urinary calculus. Flopropione is an orally active compound with established clinical efficacy. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Flopropione has been shown to exert a spasmolytic effect not only on smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract but also on smooth muscle of the pancreas and urinary systems, as described in the discussion section of the literature. [3]
Non-cellular assays for Flopropione typically involve measuring its inhibition of COMT activity or its binding to the 5-HT1A receptor. These assays use purified enzyme or receptor preparations to determine the compound's inhibitory potency (IC50) or binding affinity (Ki). For TRPV3 channel inhibition, whole-cell patch clamp recordings are used to measure the compound's effect on macroscopic TRPV3 currents. These assays are essential for characterizing its mechanism of action and potency as a spasmolytic agent. |
| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for Flopropione are used to study its effects on smooth muscle cells. These assays often involve measuring changes in intracellular calcium dynamics or assessing the contractility of cultured smooth muscle cells. The compound's ability to relax smooth muscle cells is confirmed in these experiments. TRPV3 channel modulation can be assessed in cells expressing TRPV3 using patch clamp techniques. These studies help to elucidate its mechanism of action at the cellular level.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for Flopropione are standard for evaluating its spasmolytic effects. The compound is typically administered orally to animal models of biliary or urinary tract spasms. The reduction in smooth muscle contraction is assessed by measuring intraluminal pressure or by observing the relief of symptoms. These studies are crucial for validating its in vivo efficacy as a spasmolytic agent. Clinical studies in patients with gallstone and urolithiasis have demonstrated its efficacy.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Flopropione has a molecular weight of 182.17 g/mol and a molecular formula of C9H10O4. It is soluble in DMSO at 55 mg/mL (301.92 mM) and in ethanol at 34 mg/mL (186.64 mM), but is insoluble or slightly soluble in water (< 1 mg/mL). For in vivo formulation, a mixture of 10% DMSO, 40% PEG300, 5% Tween 80, and 45% saline can be used to achieve a concentration of 2 mg/mL (10.98 mM). The compound should be stored as a powder at -20°C for up to 3 years or in solution at -80°C for up to 1 year.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Flopropione has an established safety profile from its clinical use in Japan. It is generally well-tolerated, with side effects related to its spasmolytic and anti-serotonergic activity. As with all drugs, its use is associated with potential adverse effects, though specific toxicological data are not extensively detailed in standard research summaries. Flopropione is an approved drug in Japan for the treatment of gallstone and urolithiasis. It is not widely approved in other countries and is available as a research compound.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Flopropione is an organic molecular entity.
Flopropione was identified in a high-throughput chemical screen performed in high glucose (8.3 mM) using INS-1E cells expressing a proinsulin-luciferase reporter. It ranked 20th among compounds that increased luciferase secretion, with a reported mechanism as a serotonin receptor antagonist. No further experimental data (e.g., IC50, EC50, potency) or validation in human islets was provided for this compound in the study [1]. Flopropione (phloropropiophenone, 2,4,6-trihydroxypropiophenone) is a synthetic spasmolytic agent used clinically for gallstone and urolithiasis management, predominantly in Japan. It acts as a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist and a COMT inhibitor. Recent research has identified TRPV3 channel inhibition (IC50 17.8 µM) and ryanodine/IP3 receptor modulation as additional mechanisms. Flopropione has demonstrated 94.0% pain relief in ureteral lithiasis. It is an approved drug in Japan and is available as a research compound in other regions. |
| Molecular Formula |
C9H10O4
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| Molecular Weight |
182.17
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| Exact Mass |
182.058
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 59.34; H, 5.53; O, 35.13
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| CAS # |
2295-58-1
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| Related CAS # |
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| PubChem CID |
3362
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| Appearance |
Yellow to orange solid powder
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| Density |
1.372g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
341.7ºC at 760mmHg
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| Melting Point |
177°C
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| Flash Point |
174.7ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
4E-05mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.618
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| LogP |
1.396
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
13
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| Complexity |
180
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O([H])C1C([H])=C(C([H])=C(C=1C(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H])=O)O[H])O[H]
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| InChi Key |
PTHLEKANMPKYDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H10O4/c1-2-6(11)9-7(12)3-5(10)4-8(9)13/h3-4,10,12-13H,2H2,1H3
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| Chemical Name |
1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one
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| Synonyms |
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
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| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.72 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.72 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.72 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.4894 mL | 27.4469 mL | 54.8938 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0979 mL | 5.4894 mL | 10.9788 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5489 mL | 2.7447 mL | 5.4894 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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