| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
EXP-3179 targets endothelial cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key enzyme in the production of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins. Unlike its parent compound losartan, EXP-3179 does not block AT1 receptors. Instead, it effectively inhibits the expression of COX-2 in endothelial cells, thereby reducing the production of inflammatory mediators. This mechanism contributes to its potent anti-inflammatory effects, which are distinct from the antihypertensive effects of losartan.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, EXP-3179 effectively inhibits the expression of endothelial cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. It exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects. Its activity is concentration-dependent, with effective concentrations typically in the micromolar range. In cell-based assays, EXP-3179 reduces the production of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins and cytokines. Its anti-inflammatory effects are mediated through the inhibition of COX-2 expression. This makes it a valuable tool for studying inflammation and for developing anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, EXP-3179 is an active metabolite of losartan formed by cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms CYP2C9 and CYP3A4. It exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting COX-2 expression. However, detailed in vivo efficacy data and pharmacokinetic profiles are limited in publicly available sources. The compound is primarily used as a research tool for studying the anti-inflammatory effects of losartan metabolites.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro COX-2 expression inhibition assay for EXP-3179 typically uses endothelial cells (e.g., human umbilical vein endothelial cells, HUVECs). Cells are treated with varying concentrations of the test compound (typically 0.1 to 100 µM) for 1-24 hours, followed by stimulation with inflammatory stimuli (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β). COX-2 expression is assessed by Western blotting or qRT-PCR. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production is measured by ELISA. IC50 values are calculated from dose-response curves using nonlinear regression. Positive controls (e.g., known COX-2 inhibitors) and negative controls (DMSO vehicle) are included in each assay run.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cellular assays, endothelial cells are treated with EXP-3179 at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100 µM for 1-24 hours. COX-2 expression is assessed by Western blotting or qRT-PCR. PGE2 production is measured by ELISA. Inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) are measured by ELISA. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or CellTiter-Glo assays. All experiments include appropriate controls and are performed in triplicate.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo studies, EXP-3179 is not typically administered as a separate compound but is studied as a metabolite of losartan. Animal models of inflammation may be used to study the anti-inflammatory effects of losartan metabolites. Blood samples are collected for measurement of EXP-3179 levels by LC-MS/MS. All animal procedures should be conducted in accordance with institutional guidelines.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Metabolism / Metabolites
Losartan formaldehyde's known human metabolites include losartan carboxylic acid and 5-chloro-2-(1-hydroxybutyl)-3-[[4-[2-(2H-tetrazole-5-yl)phenyl]phenyl]methyl]imidazol-4-carboxaldehyde. The pharmacokinetic properties of EXP-3179 are related to its role as a metabolite of losartan. It is formed from losartan by CYP2C9 and CYP3A4. Following losartan administration, EXP-3179 is produced in the liver and circulates in the plasma. Its half-life is determined by the metabolism and elimination of losartan. The compound is eliminated primarily via biliary and renal excretion. Further PK studies are needed for comprehensive characterization. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicology of EXP-3179 is related to its role as a metabolite of losartan. At therapeutic doses of losartan, EXP-3179 is considered safe. No significant toxicity is associated with EXP-3179 at the concentrations achieved following losartan administration. The compound is not genotoxic or carcinogenic. EXP-3179 is for research use only and is not approved for human therapeutic use as a standalone compound.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
E-3179 is an organic molecular entity. See also: ... View more...
EXP-3179 (Losartan carboxaldehyde) is an intermediate aldehyde metabolite of losartan. It has no AT1-R blocking activity but effectively inhibits COX-2 expression and exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects. It is not approved for human use and is intended for research purposes only. It is available as a high-purity research reagent for laboratory use. |
| Molecular Formula |
C22H21CLN6O
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
420.8947
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| Exact Mass |
420.146
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| CAS # |
114798-36-6
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| Related CAS # |
124750-99-8 (Ka+);114798-26-4 (free);114798-36-6 (carboxaldehyde);
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| PubChem CID |
9802264
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
666.7±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
84-86 °C
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| Flash Point |
357.0±34.3 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.0 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.681
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| LogP |
5.09
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
8
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| Heavy Atom Count |
30
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| Complexity |
546
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
FQZSMTSTFMNWQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C22H21ClN6O/c1-2-3-8-20-24-21(23)19(14-30)29(20)13-15-9-11-16(12-10-15)17-6-4-5-7-18(17)22-25-27-28-26-22/h4-7,9-12,14H,2-3,8,13H2,1H3,(H,25,26,27,28)
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| Chemical Name |
2-butyl-5-chloro-3-[[4-[2-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl]phenyl]methyl]imidazole-4-carbaldehyde
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~125 mg/mL (~296.99 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.94 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.94 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.3759 mL | 11.8796 mL | 23.7592 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4752 mL | 2.3759 mL | 4.7518 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2376 mL | 1.1880 mL | 2.3759 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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