| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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Purity: ≥98%
Efaproxiral (RSR13) is a synthetic allosteric modifier of hemoglobin (Hb) and a bezafibrate analog used for brain metastases originating from breast cancer. Efaproxiral has been shown to bind reversibly to hemoglobin, stabilizing the deoxyhemoglobin tetramer conformation to reduce its affinity for oxygen. Efaproxiral plus oxygen breathing reduces the radiobiological hypoxic fraction of EMT6 tumors from the value of 24% found in both air-breathing and oxygen-breathing mice to 9% and improves the response of the tumors to radiation. It also has the potential to be used for the treatment of depression, traumatic brain injury, ischemia, stroke, myocardial infarction, diabetes, hypoxia, sickle cell disease, hypercholesterolemia and as a radio sensitiser.
| ln Vitro |
In the central water cavity of Hb, efaproxiral only binds to two symmetrically linked locations [2]. When serum albumin solution is present, epsilon easily passes through the red blood cell membrane [2]. In the presence of anion channel blockers (DIDS), efaproxiral entry into red blood cells is not impeded [2].
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| ln Vivo |
Efaproxiral (150 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) can enhance tumor oxygenation and boost the inhibitory effect of radiation on tumor growth within 5 days of treatment [3]. Efaproxiral lowers hemoglobin-oxygen binding affinity, stimulates hemoglobin to release oxygen to adjacent tissues, and may increase tumor pO(2)[4]
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Female C3H/HEJ mice (18-20 g), radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors ( RIF-1) cell xenograft [3]
Doses: 150 mg/kg Route of Administration: intraperitoneal (ip) injection; prior to X-ray irradiation (4 Gy/day) for 5 days Experimental Results: Significant increase in tumor oxygenation over 5 days 8.4 to 43.4 mmHg, with the greatest increase occurring 22-31 minutes after treatment. |
| References |
[1]. Stea B, et al. Efaproxiral red blood cell concentration predicts efficacy in patients with brain metastases. Br J Cancer. 2006 Jun 19;94(12):1777-1784.
[2]. Abraham DJ, et al. Allosteric modifiers of hemoglobin: 2-[4-[[(3,5-disubstituted anilino)carbonyl]methyl]phenoxy]-2-methylpropionic acid derivatives that lower the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin in red cell suspensions, in whole blood, and in vivo in rats. [3]. Hou H, et al. The effects of Efaproxyn (efaproxiral) on subcutaneous RIF-1 tumor oxygenation and enhancement of radiotherapy-mediated inhibition of tumor growth in mice. Radiat Res. 2007 Aug;168(2):218-25. [4]. Hou H, et al. Increased oxygenation of intracranial tumors by efaproxyn (efaproxiral), an allosteric hemoglobin modifier: In vivo EPR oximetry study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005 Apr 1;61(5):1503-9. |
| Molecular Formula |
C20H23NO4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
341.4
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| Exact Mass |
341.16271
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| CAS # |
131179-95-8
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| Related CAS # |
Efaproxiral sodium;170787-99-2;Efaproxiral-d6;1246815-16-6
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| SMILES |
CC(C)(OC1=CC=C(CC(NC2=CC(C)=CC(C)=C2)=O)C=C1)C(O)=O
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| InChi Key |
BNFRJXLZYUTIII-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C20H23NO4/c1-13-9-14(2)11-16(10-13)21-18(22)12-15-5-7-17(8-6-15)25-20(3,4)19(23)24/h5-11H,12H2,1-4H3,(H,21,22)(H,23,24)
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| Chemical Name |
2-[4-[2-[(3,5-dimethylphenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl]phenoxy]-2-methylpropanoic acid.
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| Synonyms |
RSR13 RSR-13 RSR 13 NSC-722758 NSC722758 NSC 722758 Efaproxyn
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ≥ 150 mg/mL (~439.37 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.09 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.09 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.09 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 27.5 mg/mL (80.55 mM) in 50% PEG300 50% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.9291 mL | 14.6456 mL | 29.2912 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5858 mL | 2.9291 mL | 5.8582 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2929 mL | 1.4646 mL | 2.9291 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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