| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
D-(+)-Trehalose dihydrate targets protein aggregation pathways as an inhibitor. It induces autophagy. The compound acts as an osmolyte and stress protectant. Derivatives exhibit anticancer, anti-metastatic, and neuromodulatory activities. It modulates activity of toll-like receptors (TLRs). Its mechanism involves stabilizing partially unfolded proteins and inhibiting aggregation.
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| ln Vitro |
Trehalose dihydrate is a harmless natural disaccharide that is used as a food additive and medicinal excipient [1]..
In vitro, D-(+)-Trehalose dihydrate inhibits polyglutamine-mediated protein aggregation. It acts as a chemical chaperone and osmolyte. The compound induces autophagy in cell-based models. It stabilizes partially unfolded protein molecules and prevents aggregation. Its cryoprotective and anti-desiccant activities have been characterized. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, D-(+)-Trehalose dihydrate inhibits polyglutamine-mediated protein aggregation. Oral administration has been shown to effectively extend lifespan in a murine Huntington disease model. The compound acts as an osmolyte and stress protectant. It is used as a cryoprotectant in cell freezing media. Its neuroprotective and anti-aggregation effects have been demonstrated.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro protein aggregation assays for D-(+)-Trehalose dihydrate involve measuring inhibition of polyglutamine-mediated aggregation. Proteins are incubated with the compound, and aggregation is assessed by turbidity or fluorescence assays. Autophagy induction is assessed by measuring LC3-II conversion. For cryoprotection studies, cells are frozen with the compound and viability is assessed. Assays are performed in appropriate buffer systems with positive controls.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for D-(+)-Trehalose dihydrate are conducted in various cell lines. Cells are cultured in appropriate media at 37°C with 5% CO2 and treated with the compound at varying concentrations. Autophagy induction is assessed by measuring LC3-II conversion and autophagosome formation. Protein aggregation is assessed in models of polyglutamine diseases. Cell viability is assessed by standard assays. Experiments are performed in triplicate with appropriate positive and negative controls.
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| Animal Protocol |
D-(+)-Trehalose dihydrate in vivo studies are conducted in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. Animals are treated with the compound via oral administration. For Huntington disease models, lifespan and motor function are assessed. Protein aggregation in brain tissues is assessed by immunohistochemistry. For cryoprotection studies, organs or cells are preserved with the compound. Animals are monitored for clinical signs. Studies are conducted in accordance with institutional animal care guidelines.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
D-(+)-Trehalose dihydrate (MW 378.33 g/mol, C12H22O11·2H2O) is a natural non-reducing disaccharide. It is soluble in water. It is stable under recommended storage conditions. The compound is an osmolyte, chemical chaperone, and autophagy inducer. It inhibits protein aggregation and is used as a cryoprotectant. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion would be determined in species-specific studies.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
D-(+)-Trehalose dihydrate is generally well-tolerated as a natural sugar. The compound is a disaccharide with established safety profiles. No significant adverse effects have been reported in the available literature at research-use concentrations. The compound is intended for research use only. Standard laboratory safety practices should be employed when handling this compound. Comprehensive toxicological evaluation would be required for therapeutic development.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
D-(+)-Trehalose dihydrate is a natural alpha-linked non-reducing disaccharide formed by two glucose units. It is an osmolyte, chemical chaperone, and inducer of autophagy. The compound inhibits polyglutamine-mediated protein aggregation and extends lifespan in a Huntington disease model. It is used as a cryoprotectant and stress protectant. Its molecular formula is C12H22O11·2H2O with a molecular weight of 378.33 g/mol.All applications are limited to non-human research use.
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| Molecular Formula |
C12H26O13
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
378.3270
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| Exact Mass |
378.137
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| CAS # |
6138-23-4
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| Related CAS # |
D-(+)-Trehalose;99-20-7
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| PubChem CID |
181978
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.76 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
675.4ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
97-99 °C(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
362.3ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
181 ° (C=7, H2O)
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
10
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
13
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
25
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| Complexity |
348
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
10
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| SMILES |
C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O.O.O
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| InChi Key |
DPVHGFAJLZWDOC-PVXXTIHASA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C12H22O11.2H2O/c13-1-3-5(15)7(17)9(19)11(21-3)23-12-10(20)8(18)6(16)4(2-14)22-12;;/h3-20H,1-2H2;2*1H2/t3-,4-,5-,6-,7+,8+,9-,10-,11-,12-;;/m1../s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol;dihydrate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~150 mg/mL (~396.48 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 50 mg/mL (132.16 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.6432 mL | 13.2160 mL | 26.4320 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5286 mL | 2.6432 mL | 5.2864 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2643 mL | 1.3216 mL | 2.6432 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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