| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 250mg |
|
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Food ingredients; pharmaceutical excipient
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, trehalose acts as a potent chemical chaperone, stabilizing misfolded proteins and preventing aggregation . It induces autophagy in various mammalian cell lines and upregulates TFEB (Transcription Factor EB), leading to enhanced lysosomal biogenesis and autophagic flux . In cellular models, trehalose has been shown to clear mutant proteins (such as huntingtin and α-synuclein) and protect retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidative damage .
Typical cocoa substances like D-trehalose can create a special protective film on the surface of cells to protect them from extremes in temperature, high or low humidity, high osmotic pressure, dryness, and water loss. This protects the biological features and life processes of living things. 1. Stabilize the structure of proteins and membranes 2. Avoid drying out 3. First-aid ingredients, pharmaceutical excipients 4. The adsorption impact of cytokine collagen on tube wall proteins is evident, making it challenging for the recombinant protein modification to separate on the tube wall. Consequently, the concentration in the solution is low, and the activity eventually declines. Recombinant proteins that cannot be used for serum-free culture, in vivo experiments, or protein labeling can be protected during reconstitution by adding egg carriers in conjunction with the protein anchoring points on the pre-sealed plastic tube wall to prevent the recombinant protein from appearing on the tube wall. contains human or animal proteins such HSA, FBS, or BSA; in the absence of these, trehalose can be utilized as a carrier protein to keep recombinant proteins for a long time. Protein instability must be prevented at a specific pH and salt concentration. It is not advised to use water to dissolve the carrier. For this solution, a buffer with a pH close to neutral and a specific amount of buffering power, like PBS or culture medium (RPMI1640, DMEM), is typically advised. |
| ln Vivo |
In animal models, trehalose has been shown to cross the blood-brain barrier and exert therapeutic effects in various diseases . In a rat model of type 2 diabetes, intraperitoneal injection of trehalose increased serum total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase activity . Oral trehalose reduced neuropathology in transgenic mouse models of Huntington's and Alzheimer's diseases . Furthermore, in a mouse model of Mucopolysaccharidosis type II, oral trehalose reduced GAG accumulation, inflammation, and apoptosis in the brain, while improving cognitive function .
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Exogenous trehalose is hydrolyzed into two glucose molecules by the membrane-bound enzyme trehalase in the intestine before absorption . While endogenous human trehalase activity is generally low, low doses are completely digested, whereas high doses may result in some trehalose reaching the colon for microbial fermentation . Intravenously administered trehalose is primarily excreted unchanged by the kidneys .
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Trehalose is considered extremely safe. Extensive evaluations, including multiple animal toxicity studies, have found no consistent treatment-related adverse effects, even at dietary doses as high as 10% . Human studies indicate that it is well-tolerated at daily doses up to 50 grams, with only mild gastrointestinal symptoms (such as bloating or diarrhea) possible at high doses due to its incomplete absorption . It is approved as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) by the FDA and is widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
|
| References |
[1]. Amorphous trehalose dihydrate by cryogenic milling. Carbohydr Res. 2011 Jun 1;346(8):1061-4.
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| Additional Infomation |
α,α-trehalose is a type of trehalose in which both terminal carbons of the glucose residues are in the α-configuration. It is a metabolite found in humans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, and mice, and possesses anti-aging properties. Cabaletta has been used in clinical trials for the treatment of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. Trehalose is a metabolite found or produced in Escherichia coli (K12 strain, MG1655 strain). Trehalose has also been reported in Microchloropsis, Myrothamnus flabellifolia, and other organisms with relevant data. Trehalose is a metabolite found or produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
|
| Molecular Formula |
C12H22O11
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
342.297
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| Exact Mass |
342.116
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 42.11; H, 6.48; O, 51.41
|
| CAS # |
99-20-7
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| PubChem CID |
7427
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.8±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
675.4±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
203 °C
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| Flash Point |
362.3±31.5 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±4.7 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.652
|
| LogP |
-3.3
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
8
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
11
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
23
|
| Complexity |
348
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
10
|
| SMILES |
C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O
|
| InChi Key |
HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-3-5(15)7(17)9(19)11(21-3)23-12-10(20)8(18)6(16)4(2-14)22-12/h3-20H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5-,6-,7+,8+,9-,10-,11-,12-/m1/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol
|
| Synonyms |
NSC-2093; trehalose; 99-20-7; D-(+)-Trehalose; Mycose; alpha,alpha-trehalose; NSC 2093; Trehalose
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~250 mg/mL (~730.35 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 100 mg/mL (292.14 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.9214 mL | 14.6071 mL | 29.2141 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5843 mL | 2.9214 mL | 5.8428 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2921 mL | 1.4607 mL | 2.9214 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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