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      D-luciferin (Firefly luciferin)
      D-luciferin (Firefly luciferin)

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      This product is for research use only, not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
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      InvivoChem Cat #: V1866
      CAS #: 2591-17-5Purity ≥98%

      Description: D-Luciferin is a popular and cell-permeable bioluminescent substrate of luciferase in the presence of ATP with a Km of approximately 2 μM, it is used in luciferase-based bioluminescence imaging and cell-based high-throughput screening applications. D-luciferin could emit lights upon oxidative decarboxylation in the presence of ATP. D-luciferin provides a bioluminescent signal for in vivo and in vitro detection of cellular ATP levels. D-Luciferin chould be used to assay the expression of the luciferase gene linked to a promoter of interest. Alternatively, D-luciferin and luciferase can be used to assess ATP availability in cellular or biochemical assays. D-luciferin could be administrated intravenously or intraperitonealy. 

      References: J Clin Chem Clin Biochem. 1987 Aug;25(8):511-4; J Immunother Cancer. 2015 May 19;3:16.

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      Molecular Weight (MW)280.32 
      FormulaC11H8N2O3S2 
      CAS No.2591-17-5 
      Storage-20℃ for 3 years in powder form
      -80℃ for 2 years in solvent
      Solubility (In vitro)DMSO: 56 mg/mL (199.8 mM) 
      Water: <1 mg/mL
      Ethanol: <1 mg/mL
      Other info

      Chemical Name: (4S)-2-(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid

      InChi Key: BJGNCJDXODQBOB-SSDOTTSWSA-N

      InChi Code: InChI=1S/C11H8N2O3S2/c14-5-1-2-6-8(3-5)18-10(12-6)9-13-7(4-17-9)11(15)16/h1-3,7,14H,4H2,(H,15,16)/t7-/m1/s1

      SMILES Code: O=C([[email protected]@H]1N=C(C2=NC3=CC=C(O)C=C3S2)SC1)O           

      SynonymsD-(-)-Luciferin; Firefly luciferin


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      In Vitro

      In vitro activity: D-luciferin reacts with luciferase, ATP and oxygen with light emission, and the light is detected by a sensitive photographic film, thereby permitting the visualization of the alkaline phosphatase-conjugated antibodies.

      In VivoIn an immunocompetent mouse model of ovarian cancer, use of D-luciferin substrate and firefly luciferase preserves tumor-host immune interactions, since bioluminescent imaging is a more sensitive indication of tumor growth than weight gain. 
      Animal modelMice
      Formulation & DosageIn vivo BLI is performed using a cooled charge-coupled device camera system (IVIS Imaging System 100) 3, 5, 7, 10, 12, 14, 19, 21, 24, and 28 days after the inoculation of HCT116-Luc cells. Mice are injected with 75 mg/kg D-luciferin in 100 μL of phosphate-buffered saline subcutaneously near the scapula and were placed in the light-tight chamber of the imaging system under isoflurane anesthesia. Beginning 5 min after injection, dorsal luminescent images with an exposure time of 1 s are acquired sequentially at a rate of one image per min until 20 min after D-luciferin injection. Data acquisition is continued until 40 min postinjection on days 3 or 5 and until 25 min on day 7, because of the prolonged time course of light emission. Binning is 4 and the field of view is 15 cm.
      References

      J Clin Chem Clin Biochem. 1987 Aug;25(8):511-4; J Immunother Cancer. 2015 May 19;3:16; Int J Biomed Imaging. 2010;2010:471408.

      These protocols are for reference only. InvivoChem does not independently validate these methods.

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