| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg | |||
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Cyclosporin D targets cyclophilin D, similar to Cyclosporin A, which binds cyclophilin and inhibits the phosphatase activity of calcineurin in T cells. However, Cyclosporin D displays only about 10% of the immunosuppressive activity of Cyclosporin A. The compound binds to cyclophilin D, a mitochondrial protein involved in the regulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. The weak immunosuppressant activity makes it useful for comparative studies of cyclosporin analogs.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, EF-2 phosphorylation that is dependent on Ca2+/calmodulin is inhibited by cyclosporin D [1].
In vitro studies have demonstrated that Cyclosporin D is a weak immunosuppressant compared to Cyclosporin A. It displays about 10% of the immunosuppressive activity of Cyclosporin A. Cyclosporin D binds cyclophilin D and inhibits calcineurin activity, but with lower potency. The compound is used as an internal standard for the quantification of Cyclosporin A in analytical methods. It is also used in research to compare the biological activities of various cyclosporin molecules. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo biological effects of phorbol ester TPA on mouse skin are strongly inhibited by cyclosporine D [1].
In vivo studies of Cyclosporin D are limited due to its weak immunosuppressant activity. It is primarily used as an analytical standard and research tool rather than a therapeutic agent. As a metabolite of Cyclosporin A, it may be present in vivo following Cyclosporin A administration. Its weak activity compared to Cyclosporin A makes it less relevant for therapeutic applications. The compound is used in research to study protein-protein interactions and the structure-activity relationships of cyclosporin analogs. |
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding (non-cell) assays for Cyclosporin D typically involve binding studies with cyclophilin D. Recombinant cyclophilin D is incubated with increasing concentrations of Cyclosporin D (0.1 nM - 10 μM) and a fixed concentration of a labeled cyclosporin analog or a fluorescent probe in binding buffer at room temperature for 1-2 hours. Bound and free ligand are separated by filtration or by fluorescence polarization. Binding affinity (Kd) is determined from saturation or competition binding curves. Calcineurin inhibition assays can be performed using recombinant calcineurin and a phosphopeptide substrate, with phosphate release measured by colorimetric or malachite green assays. IC50 values are calculated from dose-response curves.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cell-based assays, T cells or other immune cells are cultured in appropriate media. Cells are treated with Cyclosporin D at concentrations ranging from 0.1 nM - 10 μM for 24-72 hours. T cell activation is stimulated by treatment with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or anti-CD3/anti-CD28 antibodies. Immunosuppressant activity is measured by assessing T cell proliferation (³H-thymidine incorporation or CFSE dilution) and cytokine production (IL-2, IFN-γ) by ELISA. Cyclosporin A is used as a positive control. The weak activity of Cyclosporin D (~10% of Cyclosporin A) is confirmed in these assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies with Cyclosporin D are limited. The compound could be administered orally or intraperitoneally to rodents to study its immunosuppressive effects, but its weak activity makes it less useful for therapeutic studies. It is primarily used as an analytical standard for pharmacokinetic studies of Cyclosporin A. Blood samples are collected for quantification by LC-MS/MS using Cyclosporin D as an internal standard. The compound is not intended for therapeutic use.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Cyclosporin D has a molecular weight of 1216.64 g/mol and molecular formula C63H113N11O12. It is a nonpolar cyclic oligopeptide. The compound is soluble in organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, and DMSO. Storage recommendations: -20°C for long-term storage. Pharmacokinetic properties are similar to other cyclosporins, with extensive metabolism and primarily biliary excretion. The compound is used as an internal standard for the quantification of Cyclosporin A in analytical method development and validation.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Cyclosporin D displays weak immunosuppressant activity, about 10% of that of Cyclosporin A. It is not used therapeutically and does not have the same toxicity profile as Cyclosporin A. The compound is considered safe for use as an analytical standard at the low concentrations typically used. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound. The compound is not intended for human therapeutic use.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Cyclosporin D is a nonpolar cyclic oligopeptide and a minor analogue of the cyclosporin complex produced by Trichoderma. It is a metabolite of Cyclosporin A and displays weak immunosuppressant activity. Cyclosporin D displays about 10% of the immunosuppressive activity of Cyclosporin A. It is used as an internal standard for the quantification of Cyclosporin A and in research to compare the biological activities of various cyclosporin molecules and study protein-protein interactions. Cyclosporin D is not FDA-approved and is intended for research and analytical use only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C₆₃H₁₁₃N₁₁O₁₂
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
1216.64
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| Exact Mass |
1215.857
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| CAS # |
63775-96-2
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| PubChem CID |
5287819
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.0±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
1294.7±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
148-151ºC
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| Flash Point |
736.8±34.3 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.6 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.468
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| LogP |
3.7
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
12
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
15
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| Heavy Atom Count |
86
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| Complexity |
2360
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
12
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| SMILES |
C/C=C/C[C@@H](C)[C@H]([C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N(CC(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N([C@H](C(=O)N1C)C(C)C)C)CC(C)C)C)CC(C)C)C)C)C)CC(C)C)C)C(C)C)CC(C)C)C)C)C(C)C)O
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| InChi Key |
ZNVBEWJRWHNZMK-SYOLRUPNSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C63H113N11O12/c1-26-27-28-41(16)53(76)52-57(80)67-49(38(10)11)61(84)68(19)33-48(75)69(20)44(29-34(2)3)56(79)66-50(39(12)13)62(85)70(21)45(30-35(4)5)55(78)64-42(17)54(77)65-43(18)58(81)71(22)46(31-36(6)7)59(82)72(23)47(32-37(8)9)60(83)73(24)51(40(14)15)63(86)74(52)25/h26-27,34-47,49-53,76H,28-33H2,1-25H3,(H,64,78)(H,65,77)(H,66,79)(H,67,80)/b27-26+/t41-,42+,43-,44+,45+,46+,47+,49+,50+,51+,52+,53-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(3S,6S,9S,12R,15S,18S,21S,24S,30S,33S)-33-[(E,1R,2R)-1-hydroxy-2-methylhex-4-enyl]-1,4,7,10,12,15,19,25,28-nonamethyl-6,9,18,24-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)-3,21,30-tri(propan-2-yl)-1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31-undecazacyclotritriacontane-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32-undecone
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| Synonyms |
Cyclosporin DVal2-cyclosporine
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~25 mg/mL (~20.55 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (2.05 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.8219 mL | 4.1097 mL | 8.2194 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.1644 mL | 0.8219 mL | 1.6439 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0822 mL | 0.4110 mL | 0.8219 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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