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Boldine is a naturally occurring alkaloid of the aporphine class isolated from the boldo tree and in Lindera aggregata. Boldine has a variety of bioactivities including antioxidant activity, alpha-adrenergic antagonistic activities, hepatoprotective, cytoprotective, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects. May be used as a potential therapeutic for rheumatoid arthritis
| ln Vitro |
Human bladder cancers T24 are inhibited from growing by boldine (10-500 μM, 24 h)[2]. By controlling ERK, AKT, and GSK-3β, boldine (200, 400 μM, 24 h) stimulates the T24 human bladder tumor G2/cell viability assay [2].
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| ln Vivo |
Boldine (unobstructed, 50 mg/kg for 7 days) connects the p65-NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways in mice to the hydrophobic inflammation caused by Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS) [3].
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| Cell Assay |
Cell Viability Assay[2]
Cell Types: T24 and RT4 Tested Concentrations: 10, 50, 100, 200, 300,400, 500 μM Incubation Duration: 24 h Experimental Results: Inhibition of cell growth. Apoptosis analysis [2] Cell Types: T24 Tested Concentrations: 200, 400 μM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Caused G2/M phase arrest, cell death Dramatically increased Western Blot analysis [2] Cell Types: T24 Tested Concentrations: 200, 400 μM Incubation Duration: 1,, 3, 24 h Experimental Results: p-ERK levels diminished after 24 hrs (hours) with 200 μM and 3 hrs (hours) and 24 hrs (hours) with 400 μM. Anti-p-CDC2 antibodies did not show any differences in CDC2 phosphorylation status. GSK-3β phosphorylation diminished after 24 hrs (hours) at a concentration of 400 μM. |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: DSS-induced mouse model
Doses: 50 mg/kg Route of Administration: Oral Experimental Results: Reduce the expression of CD 68+ and the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO), attenuate pro-inflammatory cytokines and malondialdehyde ( MDA) levels increase enzymatic antioxidant activity and inhibit p65-NF-κB and STAT3 activity. |
| References |
[1]. Zhao H , et al. Boldine isolated from Litsea cubeba inhibits bone resorption by suppressing the osteoclast differentiation in collagen-induced arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2017 Oct;51:114-123.
[2]. Gerhardt D, et al. Boldine induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in T24 human bladder cancer cell line via regulation of ERK, AKT, and GSK-3β. Urol Oncol. 2014 Jan;32(1):36.e1-9. [3]. Pandurangan AK, et al. Boldine suppresses dextran sulfate sodium-induced mouse experimental colitis: NF-κB and IL-6/STAT3 as potential targets. Biofactors. 2016 May;42(3):247-58. |
| Molecular Formula |
C19H21NO4
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| Molecular Weight |
327.3743
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| CAS # |
476-70-0
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| SMILES |
O(C([H])([H])[H])C1=C(C([H])=C2C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N(C([H])([H])[H])[C@@]3([H])C([H])([H])C4=C([H])C(=C(C([H])=C4C1=C32)OC([H])([H])[H])O[H])O[H]
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~305.46 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.64 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.64 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.64 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.0546 mL | 15.2732 mL | 30.5465 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6109 mL | 3.0546 mL | 6.1093 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3055 mL | 1.5273 mL | 3.0546 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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