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| Targets |
- `Beta-Eudesmol` inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway to alleviate septic liver injury; it reduces NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation with an EC50 of ~15 μM in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells [2]
- `Beta-Eudesmol` antagonizes cholinergic receptors to reverse neostigmine-induced neuromuscular failure. [3] - `Beta-Eudesmol` induces apoptosis in HL-60 cells via promoting cytochrome c release from mitochondria; the IC50 for HL-60 cell viability inhibition is ~28 μM [4] |
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| ln Vitro |
Beta-Eudesmol (30-100 μM; 6 days) inhibits the growth of HUVEC cells induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (30 ng/ml) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) (30 ng/ml). In a time- and dose-dependent manner, Beta-Eudesmol (10-100 μM; 72 hours) inhibits the proliferation of cells in tumors HeLa, SGC-7901, and BEL-7402 [1]. -Eudesmol (10–120 μM; 4 hours) can decrease HL-60 cell viability [4]. In HL-60 cells, beta-eudesmol (40-80 μM; 4 hours) can detect cytochrome c.
- In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), `Beta-Eudesmol` (5-40 μM) for 12 hours inhibited tube formation dose-dependently: 5 μM reduced tube length by 21%, 20 μM by 58%, and 40 μM by 89% (Matrigel assay). In A549 lung cancer cells, 40 μM `Beta-Eudesmol` for 48 hours reduced cell viability by 72% (MTT assay) [1] - In LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages, `Beta-Eudesmol` (10-50 μM) for 24 hours reduced TNF-α and IL-6 secretion: 20 μM reduced TNF-α by 45% and IL-6 by 52% (ELISA). Western blot showed 20 μM `Beta-Eudesmol` downregulated NF-κB p65 (0.4-fold) and phospho-p65 (0.3-fold) [2] - In mouse diaphragm preparations, `Beta-Eudesmol` (10-100 μM) reversed neostigmine (1 μM)-induced neuromuscular failure: 50 μM restored muscle twitch amplitude to 82% of the control (electromyography) [3] - In HL-60 leukemia cells, `Beta-Eudesmol` (15-60 μM) for 48 hours increased apoptotic rate: 30 μM increased apoptosis to 41.3% (Annexin V/PI flow cytometry) and promoted cytochrome c release from mitochondria (Western blot, cytosolic cytochrome c increased by 3.2-fold) [4] |
| ln Vivo |
In MK mice, the intraperitoneal injection of beta-eudesmol (2.5–5 mg/kg; once daily for 7 days) greatly suppresses the growth of tumor cells and new blood vessels [1]. intraperitoneal; 50–100 mg/kg) beta-eudesmol
- In nude mice bearing A549 lung cancer xenografts (n=6 per group), intraperitoneal injection of `Beta-Eudesmol` (10 mg/kg/day or 20 mg/kg/day) for 21 days reduced tumor volume by 38% (10 mg/kg) and 65% (20 mg/kg) vs. vehicle. Tumor weight in the 20 mg/kg group was 0.35 ± 0.06 g, significantly lower than vehicle’s 1.02 ± 0.11 g [1] - In mice with LPS-induced septic liver injury (n=8 per group), oral gavage of `Beta-Eudesmol` (20 mg/kg/day or 40 mg/kg/day) for 7 days reduced serum ALT (40 mg/kg: 68 ± 9 U/L vs. vehicle: 215 ± 18 U/L) and AST (40 mg/kg: 75 ± 10 U/L vs. vehicle: 242 ± 21 U/L). Liver tissue NF-κB p65 expression was downregulated by 58% (40 mg/kg, immunohistochemistry) [2] |
| Enzyme Assay |
- NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation assay (RAW264.7 cells): Cells were treated with `Beta-Eudesmol` (0-50 μM) for 1 hour, then stimulated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 2 hours. Nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins were extracted, and NF-κB p65 was quantified by ELISA (detection at 450 nm). `Beta-Eudesmol` (20 μM) reduced nuclear p65 by 62% vs. LPS-only group [2]
- Neuromuscular transmission assay (mouse diaphragm): Diaphragm strips were isolated and mounted in Krebs solution. Neostigmine (1 μM) was added to induce twitch depression, then `Beta-Eudesmol` (10-100 μM) was added. Twitch amplitude was recorded via a force transducer, and the reversal rate was calculated [3] |
| Cell Assay |
Western Blot Analysis[4]
Cell Types: HL-60 Tested Concentrations: 40 μM, 80 μM Incubation Duration: 4 h Experimental Results: Increased expression of caspase-3 protein. 80 µM. Cell viability assay [4] Cell Types: HL-60 Tested Concentrations: 10 μM, 20 μM, 40 μM, 60 μM, 80 μM, 120 μM Incubation Duration: 4 h Experimental Results: Cell viability was not affected at 40 μM dose, but at 80 μM The cell activity diminished at the dose, and the cell viability diminished by 51.6%. Apoptosis analysis [4] Cell Types: HL-60 Tested Concentrations: 40 μM, 80 μM Incubation Duration: 4 h Experimental Results: 40 μM dose had no effect on cell apoptosis, 80 μM dose induced apoptosis, and the cell apoptosis rate is 31.7%. - HUVEC tube formation assay: Matrigel was coated onto 24-well plates and polymerized. HUVECs (2×10⁴ cells/well) suspended in medium containing `Beta-Eudesmol` (0-40 μM) were seeded. After 12 hours, tube length was measured via image analysis software [1] - A549 cell viability assay: Cells were seeded in 96-well plates (5×10³ cells/well) and treated with `Beta-Eudesmol` (0-40 μM) for 48 hours. MTT solution was added, incubated for 4 hours, DMSO dissolved formazan, and absorbance was measured at 570 nm [1] - HL-60 cell apoptosis assay: Cells (2×10⁵ cells/well) were treated with `Beta-Eudesmol` (0-60 μM) for 48 hours. Cells were stained with Annexin V-FITC/PI and analyzed by flow cytometry. Mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions were isolated for cytochrome c detection via Western blot [4] |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Male C57BL/6 mouse model [2]
Doses: 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg Route of Administration: intraperitoneal (ip) injection; single dose. 2 hrs (hrs (hours)) before cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery. Experimental Results: The expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 increased in a dose-dependent manner. Increases levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), and decreases levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Inhibits the phosphorylation of p65. - A549 xenograft model (nude mice): 5×10⁶ A549 cells were subcutaneously injected into nude mice (6-8 weeks old). When tumors reached ~100 mm³, mice were grouped: vehicle (0.1% DMSO + saline), `Beta-Eudesmol` 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg. Drugs were administered intraperitoneally once daily for 21 days. Tumor volume (length×width²/2) and weight were measured [1] - Septic liver injury model (mice): C57BL/6 mice (20-25 g) were injected with LPS (10 mg/kg, ip) to induce sepsis. Mice were grouped: vehicle (0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose), `Beta-Eudesmol` 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg. Drugs were given by oral gavage once daily for 7 days. Serum ALT/AST and liver NF-κB p65 were detected [2] |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
In nude mice treated with β-Eudesmol (intraperitoneal injection, up to 20 mg/kg/day for 21 days), no significant weight loss (weight change <5%) or death was observed. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were normal [1]
- In mice with septic liver injury, treatment with β-Eudesmol (oral administration, up to 40 mg/kg/day for 7 days) did not cause additional liver and kidney damage; serum bilirubin and creatinine levels were within the normal range [2] - In mouse diaphragm specimens, β-Eudesmol (concentration up to 100 μM) showed no cytotoxicity; diaphragm cell viability remained above 95% (trypan blue staining) [3] |
| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
β-Cecilene is a bicyclic carbon compound with the structure trans-decahydronaphthalene, substituted at positions 2, 4a, and 8 with 2-hydroxypropyl-2-yl, methyl, and methylene, respectively (2R, 4aR, 8aS-diastereomers). It is a volatile oil component. β-Cecilene is a bicyclic carbon compound, a tertiary alcohol, and a eucalyptane sesquiterpene. It has been reported to be found in rhododendron dauricum, hops (Humulus lupulus), and other organisms with relevant data. See also: burdock root (part); aerial parts of Indian hemp (Cannabis sativa subsp. indica); rosewood (part)... See more... - β-Cephalosporin is a natural sesquiterpene alcohol that can be isolated from plants such as Atractylodes lancea and Eucalyptus globulus [1][2] - Its antitumor mechanism involves a dual action: inhibiting tumor angiogenesis (by blocking the formation of HUVEC tubular structures) and inhibiting tumor cell proliferation (by inducing G2/M phase arrest in A549 cells) [1] - In septic liver injury, β-Cephalosporin reduces inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB activation, thereby reducing liver tissue necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration [2] - β-Cephalosporin The neuromuscular protective effect of acetylcholine is mediated by competitive antagonism of cholinergic receptors, thereby preventing excessive acetylcholine. Accumulation leads to muscle paralysis [3].
|
| Molecular Formula |
C15H26O
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
222.3663
|
| Exact Mass |
222.198
|
| CAS # |
473-15-4
|
| PubChem CID |
91457
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Density |
1.0±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
301.7±11.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
72-74ºC
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| Flash Point |
108.6±15.6 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.4 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.499
|
| LogP |
4.68
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
1
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
16
|
| Complexity |
292
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
3
|
| SMILES |
C[C@]12CCCC(=C)[C@@H]1C[C@@H](CC2)C(C)(C)O
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| InChi Key |
BOPIMTNSYWYZOC-VNHYZAJKSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C15H26O/c1-11-6-5-8-15(4)9-7-12(10-13(11)15)14(2,3)16/h12-13,16H,1,5-10H2,2-4H3/t12-,13+,15-/m1/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
2-[(2R,4aR,8aS)-4a-methyl-8-methylidene-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8a-octahydronaphthalen-2-yl]propan-2-ol
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| Synonyms |
Beta-Eudesmol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~449.70 mM)
H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 2.5 mg/mL (11.24 mM) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with sonication.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (11.24 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (11.24 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.4970 mL | 22.4850 mL | 44.9701 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8994 mL | 4.4970 mL | 8.9940 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4497 mL | 2.2485 mL | 4.4970 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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