| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| Other Sizes |
Purity: ≥98%
| Targets |
Benzetimide acts as a competitive antagonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system. By blocking the action of acetylcholine at these receptors, it counteracts the effects of excessive cholinergic stimulation, such as that caused by organophosphate poisoning. It has a high affinity for muscarinic receptors in the brain, which allows it to cross the blood-brain barrier.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, benzetimide binds to muscarinic receptors with high affinity, displacing radiolabeled antagonists like [³H]-quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) from receptor sites in brain membrane preparations. Its antagonistic activity can be measured by its ability to block acetylcholine-induced responses in isolated tissues or cells expressing muscarinic receptors.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, benzetimide is used as an antidote for organophosphate poisoning. It is administered to counteract the central nervous system effects of organophosphates, which include seizures, respiratory depression, and coma. It is often used in combination with atropine, which acts peripherally. It has also been studied for its potential to treat Parkinson's disease.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro receptor binding assay for benzetimide involves measuring its affinity for muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. This is typically done using a radioligand binding assay with [³H]-QNB and homogenates from rat brain (which are rich in muscarinic receptors). Competition binding experiments are performed to determine the Ki value of benzetimide at the muscarinic receptor.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for benzetimide are performed on cells expressing muscarinic receptors. The functional antagonism of benzetimide is measured by its ability to block acetylcholine-induced calcium mobilization or the activation of downstream signaling pathways. The IC50 for inhibiting the acetylcholine response is determined to quantify its antagonist potency.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for benzetimide are conducted in animal models of organophosphate poisoning. Animals are administered an organophosphate compound (e.g., soman, sarin) to induce cholinergic crisis, followed by treatment with benzetimide. The survival rate, neurological function, and reversal of symptoms are assessed to evaluate its efficacy as an antidote.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Specific pharmacokinetic properties of benzetimide are not extensively documented in the available literature. As a small molecule with a molecular weight of 382.93 g/mol, it is expected to be well-distributed and to cross the blood-brain barrier due to its lipophilicity. It is likely metabolized in the liver and excreted in urine.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Benzetimide, like other anticholinergic drugs, has a range of potential side effects. These include dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, tachycardia, and confusion. CNS effects can include drowsiness, dizziness, and memory impairment. Overdose can lead to severe anticholinergic syndrome. It should be used with caution in patients with glaucoma or prostatic hypertrophy.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Benzatimide is a muscarinic receptor antagonist that was previously used to treat Parkinson's syndrome induced by nerve blocks. Benzatimide is the (-)-enantiomer of dexamethasone.
Benzetimide is a research chemical and an antidote for organophosphate poisoning. It is not a widely used drug and is not approved for general use in many countries. It is of interest primarily for its high central anticholinergic activity, which makes it useful for treating the central effects of organophosphate poisoning. It is also used as a tool in pharmacological research. |
| Molecular Formula |
C23H27CLN2O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
398.931
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| Exact Mass |
398.176
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 69.25; H, 6.82; Cl, 8.89; N, 7.02; O, 8.02
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| CAS # |
5633-14-7
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| Related CAS # |
14051-33-3;5633-14-7 (HCl);
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| PubChem CID |
21846
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Boiling Point |
543.9ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
282.7ºC
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| LogP |
4.289
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
28
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| Complexity |
529
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O=C(C(C1CCN(CC2=CC=CC=C2)CC1)(C3=CC=CC=C3)CC4)NC4=O.[H]Cl
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| InChi Key |
XSOOSXRNMDUWEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C23H26N2O2.ClH/c26-21-11-14-23(22(27)24-21,19-9-5-2-6-10-19)20-12-15-25(16-13-20)17-18-7-3-1-4-8-18;/h1-10,20H,11-17H2,(H,24,26,27);1H
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| Chemical Name |
3-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-3-phenylpiperidine-2,6-dione;hydrochloride
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| Synonyms |
EINECS 227-072-8; Spasmentral; Benzetimide Hydrochloride; Dioxatrine; Benzetimide HCl
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: ≥ 32 mg/mL (~80.2 mM)
H2O: ~16.7 mg/mL (~41.8 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.21 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.21 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.21 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.5067 mL | 12.5335 mL | 25.0671 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5013 mL | 2.5067 mL | 5.0134 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2507 mL | 1.2534 mL | 2.5067 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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