Bempedoic acid (ESP55016; ETC1002)

Alias: ETC-1002; ETC 1002; ETC1002; ESP-55016; Bempedoate; Bempedoic acid; ETC-1002ESP55016; ETC1002ESP

Cat No.:V6440 Purity: ≥98%

COA Product Data Instructions for use SDS

Bempedoic acid (formerly ESP-55016; ETC-1002; ESP55016; ETC1002;Nexletol;Bempedoate) is an ATP-citrate lyase (ACL) inhibitor as well as an activator of hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).

Bempedoic acid (ESP55016; ETC1002) Chemical Structure CAS No.: 738606-46-7
Product category: AMPK

This product is for research use only, not for human use. We do not sell to patients.

Size	Price	Stock	Qty
25mg
50mg
100mg
250mg
Other Sizes

ADD TO CART CHECKOUT BULK INQUIRY

1-708-310-1919 sales@invivochem.com

Other Forms of Bempedoic acid (ESP55016; ETC1002):

Official Supplier of:

Top Publications Citing lnvivochem Products

Nature 2021, 597(7874):119-125.

Cell 2020,183:1202-1218.e25.

Science Adv 2022: 8, eabm9427.

Nature 597, 119–125 (2021)

Cell Stem Cell 2020,26(6):845-861.e12.

Science Trans Med 2023,15(701):eadd7872.

STTT 2023,8(1):91.

Cell Reports 2023,42(4):112313

Science Trans Med 2023, 15: eadd7872.

Cancer Cell 2021,39(4):529-547.e7.

Cancer Discov 2022,12(4):1106-1127.

Immunity 2023,56(3):620-634.e11.

J Am Chem Soc 2022,144:21831-21836.

Cell 2020,183:1202-1218.e25.

Science Adv 2022:8,eabm9427.

Nature 2021,597(7874):119-125.

Cell 2020,183:1202-1218.e25.

PNAS Nexus 2022,1(3):pgac063.

ACS Nano 2023,17(10):9110-9125.

Biomaterial 2023 Sep16:302:122333.

Purity & Quality Control Documentation

Current batch：

Purity: ≥98%

COA

MSDS

NMR

Instructions

Product Description
Bioactivity & Protocols
Physicochemical Properties
Solubility Data
Calculators
Clinical Trial Information

Product Description

Bempedoic acid (formerly ESP-55016; ETC-1002; ESP55016; ETC1002; Nexletol; Bempedoate) is an ATP-citrate lyase (ACL) inhibitor and hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator. It is a once-daily, orally bioavailable LDL-C lowering medication that has been approved for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. It was created to lower high LDL-C levels and prevent the negative effects of other LDL-C lowering treatments. Bempedoic acid enters the liver through cell surface receptors that are distinct from the transporters that take up statins specifically after being quickly absorbed in the small intestine. The metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates is regulated by bempedoic acid.

Biological Activity I Assay Protocols (From Reference)

Targets	AMPK
ln Vitro	Bempedoic acid (ETC-1002) activates AMP-activated protein kinase in a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase β-independent and liver kinase β 1-dependent manner, without detectable changes in adenylate energy charge.It has been demonstrated that bempedoic acid quickly converts to a CoA thioester in the liver, which directly inhibits ATP-citrate lyase[1]. Increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation is associated with decreased MAP kinase activity and decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in cells treated with bempedoic acid (ETC-1002)[2].
ln Vivo	Bempedoic acid (ETC-1002) treatment for two weeks causes a noticeable and long-lasting increase in AMPK and ACC phosphorylation in the livers of rats. In rat liver, Bempedoic acid is more prevalent >100-fold than CoA thioester and is connected to AMPK activation[1]. Leukocytes' ability to home into the mouse peritoneal cavity is suppressed by bempedoic acid (ETC-1002). In a mouse model of diet-induced obesity, Bempedoic acid improves adipose AMPK activity, lowers JNK phosphorylation, and decreases expression of the macrophage-specific marker 4F/80[2].
Enzyme Assay	7.5× compounds are added to a 96-well PolyPlate containing 60 μL of Buffer per well with substrates CoA (200 μM), ATP (400 μM), and [14C]citrate. Reaction is started with 4 μL (300 ng/well) ACL, and the plate is incubated at 37°C for 3 h.
Cell Assay	Glucose production is measured in primary rat hepatocyte cultures. It contains nonessential amino acids, 10 mM lactate, 1 mM pyruvate, and is free of glucose and phenol red. Cells are cultured in this mixture. Bempedoic acid (0.1 to 100 μM) is incubated with the cells in a variety of concentrations[1].
Animal Protocol	Rats: Male Wistar Han rats are fasted for 48 hours and then given a single dose of bempedoic acid before receiving a second 48-hour feeding of a high-carbohydrate diet. Rats are kept on a standard chow diet and given oral gavage doses of bempedoic acid for a two-week assessment. The dose is 30 mg/kg/day given in the morning. Food is discontinued two hours before the final oral dose of engine control or bempedoic acid after nutritional staging and/or dosing[1].
References	[1]. AMP-activated protein kinase and ATP-citrate lyase are two distinct molecular targets for ETC-1002, a novel small molecule regulator of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. J Lipid Res. 2013 Jan;54(1):134-51. [2]. ETC-1002 regulates immune response, leukocyte homing, and adipose tissue inflammation via LKB1-dependent activation of macrophage AMPK. J Lipid Res. 2013 Aug;54(8):2095-108.

These protocols are for reference only. InvivoChem does not independently validate these methods.

Physicochemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C19H36O5
Molecular Weight	344.4861
Exact Mass	344.2563
Elemental Analysis	C, 66.25; H, 10.53; O, 23.22
CAS #	738606-46-7
Related CAS #	Bempedoic acid-d4;2408131-70-2;Bempedoic acid-d5;2408131-71-3
Appearance	White to light yellow solid powder
LogP	4.47
tPSA	94.83
SMILES	CC(C)(CCCCCC(CCCCCC(C)(C)C(=O)O)O)C(=O)O
InChi Key	HYHMLYSLQUKXKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C19H36O5/c1-18(2,16(21)22)13-9-5-7-11-15(20)12-8-6-10-14-19(3,4)17(23)24/h15,20H,5-14H2,1-4H3,(H,21,22)(H,23,24)
Chemical Name	8-hydroxy-2,2,14,14-tetramethylpentadecanedioic acid
Synonyms	ETC-1002; ETC 1002; ETC1002; ESP-55016; Bempedoate; Bempedoic acid; ETC-1002ESP55016; ETC1002ESP
HS Tariff Code	2934.99.9001
Storage	Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Shipping Condition	Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Solubility Data

Solubility (In Vitro)	DMSO: ~100 mg/mL (~290.3 mM)
Solubility (In Vivo)	Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.87 mg/mL (8.33 mM) (saturation unknown) in 5% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 50% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: 2.87 mg/mL (8.33 mM) in 5% DMSO + 95% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.26 mM) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.26 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 5: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.26 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. Solubility in Formulation 6: 0.57 mg/mL (1.65 mM) in 1% DMSO + 99% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one),suspension solution;clear solution. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Solubility (In Vitro)

DMSO: ~100 mg/mL (~290.3 mM)

Solubility (In Vivo)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.87 mg/mL (8.33 mM) (saturation unknown) in 5% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 50% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

Solubility in Formulation 2: 2.87 mg/mL (8.33 mM) in 5% DMSO + 95% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.

View More

Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.26 mM) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

Solubility in Formulation 4: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.26 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.

Solubility in Formulation 5: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.26 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.

Solubility in Formulation 6: 0.57 mg/mL (1.65 mM) in 1% DMSO + 99% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one),suspension solution;clear solution.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)

Preparing Stock Solutions		1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
	1 mM	2.9028 mL	14.5142 mL	29.0284 mL
	5 mM	0.5806 mL	2.9028 mL	5.8057 mL
	10 mM	0.2903 mL	1.4514 mL	2.9028 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.

Calculator

Mass

Concentration

Volume

Molecular Weight*

Calculate Reset

Molarity Calculator allows you to calculate the mass, volume, and/or concentration required for a solution, as detailed below:

Calculate the Mass of a compound required to prepare a solution of known volume and concentration
Calculate the Volume of solution required to dissolve a compound of known mass to a desired concentration
Calculate the Concentration of a solution resulting from a known mass of compound in a specific volume

See Example

An example of molarity calculation using the molarity calculator is shown below:
What is the mass of compound required to make a 10 mM stock solution in 5 ml of DMSO given that the molecular weight of the compound is 350.26 g/mol?

Enter 350.26 in the Molecular Weight (MW) box
Enter 10 in the Concentration box and choose the correct unit (mM)
Enter 5 in the Volume box and choose the correct unit (mL)
Click the “Calculate” button
The answer of 17.513 mg appears in the Mass box. In a similar way, you may calculate the volume and concentration.

Concentration (Start)

Volume (Start)

Concentration (End)

Volume (End)

Calculate Reset

Dilution Calculator allows you to calculate how to dilute a stock solution of known concentrations. For example, you may Enter C1, C2 & V2 to calculate V1, as detailed below:

What volume of a given 10 mM stock solution is required to make 25 ml of a 25 μM solution?
Using the equation C1V1 = C2V2, where C1=10 mM, C2=25 μM, V2=25 ml and V1 is the unknown:

Enter 10 into the Concentration (Start) box and choose the correct unit (mM)
Enter 25 into the Concentration (End) box and select the correct unit (mM)
Enter 25 into the Volume (End) box and choose the correct unit (mL)
Click the “Calculate” button
The answer of 62.5 μL (0.1 ml) appears in the Volume (Start) box

Molecular formula

Total molecular weight

g/mol

Calculate Reset

Molecular Weight Calculator allows you to calculate the molar mass and elemental composition of a compound, as detailed below:

Note: Chemical formula is case sensitive: C12H18N3O4 c12h18n3o4
Instructions to calculate molar mass (molecular weight) of a chemical compound:

To calculate molar mass of a chemical compound, please enter the chemical/molecular formula and click the “Calculate’ button.

Definitions of molecular mass, molecular weight, molar mass and molar weight:

Molecular mass (or molecular weight) is the mass of one molecule of a substance and is expressed in the unified atomic mass units (u). (1 u is equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12)
Molar mass (molar weight) is the mass of one mole of a substance and is expressed in g/mol.

Volume (to add to vial)

Mass (in vial)

Desired Reconstitution Concentration

Calculate Reset

Reconstitution Calculator allows you to calculate the volume of solvent required to reconstitute your vial.

Enter the mass of the reagent and the desired reconstitution concentration as well as the correct units
Click the “Calculate” button
The answer appears in the Volume (to add to vial) box

In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)

Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal to make allowance for loss during the experiment)

Dosage mg/kg

Average weight of animals g

Dosing volume per animal μL

Number of animals

Step 2: Enter in vivo formulation (This is only a calculator, not the exact formulation for a specific product. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation in the solubility section.)

% DMSO

% Tween 80

% ddH₂O

Calculate Reset

Calculation results

Working concentration： mg/mL；

Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH₂O，mix and clarify.

Note： (1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.

Clinical Trial Information

NCT Number	Status	Interventions	Conditions	Sponsor/Collaborators	Start Date	Phases
NCT04929249	Active Recruiting	Drug: Inclisiran	Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease	Novartis Pharmaceuticals	June 25, 2021	Phase 3
NCT05694260	Recruiting	Drug: Bempedoic acid	Hypercholesterolemia	Esperion Therapeutics, Inc.	January 12, 2023	Phase 2
NCT05488431	Recruiting	Drug: Bempedoic acid Other: Placebo	Dyslipidemias HIV Infections	Priscilla Hsue, MD	March 1, 2023	Phase 2
NCT05103254	Recruiting	Drug: Bempedoic Acid Drug: Bempedoic Acid / Ezetimibe	Pregnancy Hyperlipidemias	Esperion Therapeutics, Inc.	September 1, 2021
NCT06035874	Not yet recruiting	Drug: Bempedoic acid	Type 2 Diabetes	Medanta, The Medicity, India	October 15, 2023