Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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50mg |
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100mg |
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250mg |
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500mg |
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Other Sizes |
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Purity: ≥98%
BD-AcAc 2, usually added in diet and given orally, can elevate mean blood ketone bodies of 3.5 mm and lowered plasma glucose, insulin, and leptin in animals.
ln Vivo |
(R,R)-BD-AcAc 2 (D-3HHB) enhances blood Na+ and creatinine levels, decreases Aldh3b2 gene expression, increases blood glucose concentration moderately, boosts particular muscle strength, and lowers plasma free fatty acid concentration [1].
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Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Septic mice [1]
Doses: 10, 20, 40 and 80 mmol/kg/day Route of Administration: PO Experimental Results: Specific muscle strength increased to 40 mmol/kg/day compared to placebo Healthy 93% of control levels. There was a modest increase in blood glucose concentrations of 40 mmol/kg/day compared to placebo. A dose of 40 mmol/kg/day diminished Aldh3b2 gene expression compared with placebo. Caused a further moderate increase in blood Na+ levels and an increase in blood creatinine levels to 20 mmol/kg/day. Plasma free fatty acid concentrations decrease by 10 or 20 mmol/kg/day. Liver gene expression levels of Aldh1a7 were also diminished by sepsis but increased by D-3HHB. |
References |
[1]. Weckx R, et al. Efficacy and safety of ketone ester infusion to prevent muscle weakness in a mouse model of sepsis-induced critical illness. Sci Rep. 2022 Jun 22;12(1):10591.
[2]. Williams MS, et al. The Chemistry of the Ketogenic Diet: Updates and Opportunities in Organic Synthesis. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 May 15;22(10):5230. [3]. Clarke K, et al. Oral 28-day and developmental toxicity studies of (R)-3-hydroxybutyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2012 Jul;63(2):196-208. |
Molecular Formula |
C8H16O4
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Molecular Weight |
176.21024
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CAS # |
1208313-97-6
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Related CAS # |
(S,S)-BD-AcAc 2;1251829-99-8
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SMILES |
C[C@@H](O)CC(OCC[C@H](O)C)=O
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Synonyms |
BD-AcAc-2; BD-AcAc 2; BD AcAc 2
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Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~100 mg/mL (~567.50 mM)
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~567.50 mM) |
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Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 5.5 mg/mL (31.21 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 55.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 5.5 mg/mL (31.21 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 55.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C,1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 5.5 mg/mL (31.21 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 100 mg/mL (567.50 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
1 mM | 5.6750 mL | 28.3752 mL | 56.7505 mL | |
5 mM | 1.1350 mL | 5.6750 mL | 11.3501 mL | |
10 mM | 0.5675 mL | 2.8375 mL | 5.6750 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration: mg/mL;
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation::Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.