BAY 73-6691 [(R)-BAY 73-6691] is a novel, potent, selective, and brain penetrant PDE9A (Phosphodiesterase 9) inhibitor. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is accompanied by enhanced oxidative stress and excess free radicals. BAY 73-6691 may attenuate the oxidative stress during the development of AD is still unclear. For this purpose, primary cultures of SH-SY5Y cells were incubated with 20μM beta-amyloid25-35 (Aβ25-35), followed by exposure to different concentrations (50, 100, 150 and 200μg/ml) of BAY 73-6691. Furthermore, the antioxidant effect of BAY 73-6691 was evaluated in mice subjected to intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ25-35 (day 0) and treatment with BAY 73-6691 by intraperitoneal injection once daily (days 1-10). Our results elucidated that treatment with BAY 73-6691 attenuated the Aβ25-35-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells. In vivo, BAY 73-6691 protected Aβ25-35-induced oxidative damage in hippocampus, associated with the attenuation of impairments in hippocampal neurons. Administration of BAY 73-6691 improved learning and memory in the Morris water maze test, and restored several hippocampal memory-associated proteins. This study identified a neuroprotective role for BAY 73-6691 against Aβ25-35-induced oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro, harboring therapeutic potential for the treatment of AD by alleviating the impairments in spatial memory and hippocampal neurons.

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