| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
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| ln Vitro |
Acetylcholine-induced pulmonary vein dilatation in humans is inhibited by atropine (tropine; 1 μM; pulmonary veins and arteries) [4].
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|---|---|
| ln Vivo |
Usually occurring during periods of torpor, atropine (tropine; 10 mg/kg; intraperitoneally; once over 40 minutes; Peromyscus sp.) inhibits cardiac arrhythmias [2].
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: White-footed mice (Peromyscus sp.) [2]
Doses: 10 mg/kg Route of Administration: intraperitoneal (ip) injection; once, lasting 40 minutes. Experimental Results: increased heart rate and diminished arrhythmia. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Hyoscyamine is completely absorbed by sublingual and oral routes, though exact data regarding the Cmax, Tmax, and AUC are not readily available. The majority of hyoscyamine is eliminated in the urine as the unmetabolized parent compound. Metabolism / Metabolites Hyoscyamine is largely unmetabolized, however a small amount is hydrolyzed into tropine and tropic acid. Biological Half-Life The half life of hyoscyamine is 3.5 hours. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Hepatotoxicity
Despite widespread use over many decades, hyoscyamine has not been linked to episodes of liver enzyme elevations or clinically apparent liver injury. A major reason for its safety may relate to the low daily dose and limited duration of use. References on the safety and potential hepatotoxicity of anticholinergics are given together after the Overview section on Anticholinergic Agents. Drug Class: Gastrointestinal Agents; Anticholinergic Agents |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Pharmacodynamics
Hyoscyamine is not FDA approved, and so it has not official indications. However, it is used as an antimuscarinic agent in a number of treatments and therapies. Hyoscyamine has a short duration of action as it may need to be given multiple times per day. Patients should be counselled regarding the risks and signs of anticholinergic toxicity. |
| Molecular Formula |
C17H23NO3
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
289.3694
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| Exact Mass |
289.167
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| CAS # |
51-55-8
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| Related CAS # |
Atropine sulfate monohydrate;5908-99-6;Atropine sulfate;55-48-1;(Rac)-Atropine-d3;1276197-36-4;Atropine hydrobromide;6415-90-3
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| PubChem CID |
174174
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
429.8±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
115-118 °C
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| Flash Point |
213.7±28.7 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.1 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.581
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| LogP |
1.53
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
21
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| Complexity |
353
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
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| SMILES |
CN1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1CC(C2)OC(=O)C(CO)C3=CC=CC=C3
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| InChi Key |
RKUNBYITZUJHSG-PJPHBNEVSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C17H23NO3/c1-18-13-7-8-14(18)10-15(9-13)21-17(20)16(11-19)12-5-3-2-4-6-12/h2-6,13-16,19H,7-11H2,1H3/t13-,14+,15?,16?
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| Chemical Name |
[(1R,5S)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl] 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ≥ 96.6 mg/mL (~333.83 mM)
H2O : ~2.9 mg/mL (~10.02 mM) |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.19 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.19 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (7.19 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.4558 mL | 17.2789 mL | 34.5578 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6912 mL | 3.4558 mL | 6.9116 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3456 mL | 1.7279 mL | 3.4558 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Topical Application of Low-concentration (0.01%) Atropine on the Human Eye With Fast and Slow Myopia Progression Rate
CTID: NCT03374306
Phase: N/A Status: Completed
Date: 2024-10-16
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