Astaxanthin

Alias: Astaxanthin
Cat No.:V4569 Purity: ≥98%
Astaxanthin is a naturally occurring red dietary carotenoid isolated from Haematococcus pluvialis anda keto-carotenoid that belongs to a larger class of chemical compounds known as terpenes (as a tetraterpenoid) built from five carbon precursors, isopentenyl diphosphate, and dimethylallyl diphosphate.
Astaxanthin Chemical Structure CAS No.: 472-61-7
Product category: PPAR
This product is for research use only, not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
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Purity & Quality Control Documentation

Purity: ≥98%

Product Description

Astaxanthin is a naturally occurring red dietary carotenoid isolated from Haematococcus pluvialis and a keto-carotenoid that belongs to a larger class of chemical compounds known as terpenes (as a tetraterpenoid) built from five carbon precursors, isopentenyl diphosphate, and dimethylallyl diphosphate. Astaxanthin has potential in the treatment of various diseases, such as cancers and Parkinson’s disease, cardiovascular disease. Due to its bright red colour, Astaxanthin could be used as a food colorant in animal feeds. It is a red dietary carotenoid isolated from Haematococcus pluvialis and is an inhibitor of PPARγ with potent antiproliferative, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity.

Biological Activity I Assay Protocols (From Reference)
ln Vitro
DU145 cell growth is inhibited by astaxanthin (50, 100, 150, and 200 µM; 48 hours) (IC50<200 µM) [1]. By preventing proliferation, promoting apoptosis, and hindering migration and invasion, astaxanthin (200 µM; 24 hours) lowers the expression of STAT3 and related pathway proteins (at the protein and mRNA levels) [1]. Additionally, astaxanthin shields RPE cells from oxidative stress and abnormal activation brought on by high glucose by downregulating VEGF at the protein level [2]. In K562 cells, astaxanthin (1-50 µM; 72 hours) increases the expression of the PPARγ protein in a dose- and time-dependent way [3].
ln Vivo
In mice that are not clothed, astaxanthin (200 mg/kg; gavaged once daily for three weeks) prevents the formation of tumor xenografts (DU145) [1]. In rats, astaxanthin (125 or 500 mg/kg; in animal feed; 7 days) significantly lowers oxidative stress and offers cardioprotection [4].
Cell Assay
Apoptosis analysis [1]
Cell Types: DU145 Cell
Tested Concentrations: 200 µM (pre-incubation)
Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hrs (hours))
Experimental Results: The percentage of apoptotic cells increased from 8.5% to 13.1% (compared to blank control).

Cell migration assay[1]
Cell Types: DU145 Cell
Tested Concentrations: 200 µM
Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hrs (hours))
Experimental Results: DU145 cells demonstrated diminished migration and invasion (approximately 41% of cells could not move from one chamber to another, 36% of cells could did not pass through the Transwell membrane compared to the control group).

Cell proliferation assay[2]
Cell Types: ARPE-19 Cell
Tested Concentrations: 50 µM (pre-incubation)
Incubation Duration: 7 days
Experimental Results: Cell proliferation was Dramatically diminished when exposed to high glucose.

Western Blot Analysis[1]
Cell Types: DU145 Cell
Tested Concentrations: 200 µM
Incubation Duration: 24 h
Experimental Results: The expression of STAT3 was diminished at both the protein and mRNA levels (down-regulated the protein expression of JAK2, BCL-2 and NF-κB, up-regulated BAX , protein express
Animal Protocol
Animal/Disease Models: Nude mouse (approximately 20 grams; DU145 tumor xenograft model) [1].
Doses: 200 mg/kg
Route of Administration: intragastric (po) (po)administration; one time/day for 3 weeks.
Experimental Results: It has a significant inhibitory effect on tumor growth.

Animal/Disease Models: Female C57BL/6 mice (7 weeks old) [4].
Doses: 125 or 500 mg/kg
Route of Administration: Animal feed; 7 days.
Experimental Results: The mean infarct size was Dramatically diminished to 45.1% and 39.1% in the two treatment groups (125 and 500 mg/kg), respectively. The myocardial salvage rates in the 125 mg/kg group and 500 mg/kg group were 26% and 36%, respectively. 9-HETE levels were Dramatically diminished in a dose-dependent manner. 9-HETE is a regioisomer oxidation product of arachidonic acid and is thought to be a product of free radical-mediated oxidation.
References
[1]. Sun SQ, et al. Anti-Tumor Effects of Astaxanthin by Inhibition of the Expression of STAT3 in Prostate Cancer. Mar Drugs. 2020 Aug 7;18(8):415.
[2]. Fu D, et al. Effect of astaxanthin on retinal pigment epithelial cells in high glucose: an in-vitro study. Biomed Res, 2017, 28(15): 6839-6843.
[3]. Zhang X, et al. Carotenoids inhibit proliferation and regulate expression of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in K562 cancer cells. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2011 Aug 1;512(1):96-106.
[4]. Gross GJ, et al. Seven day oral supplementation with Cardax (disodium disuccinate astaxanthin) provides significant cardioprotection and reduces oxidative stress in rats. Mol Cell Biochem. 2006 Feb;283(1-2):23-30.
[5]. Zhang L, et al. Multiple Mechanisms of Anti-Cancer Effects Exerted by Astaxanthin. Mar Drugs. 2015 Jul 14;13(7):4310-30.
These protocols are for reference only. InvivoChem does not independently validate these methods.
Physicochemical Properties
Molecular Formula
C40H52O4
Molecular Weight
596.8385
CAS #
472-61-7
SMILES
O=C1C(C)=C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C2=C(C)C([C@@H](O)CC2(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C[C@@H]1O
InChi Key
MQZIGYBFDRPAKN-UWFIBFSHSA-N
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C40H52O4/c1-27(17-13-19-29(3)21-23-33-31(5)37(43)35(41)25-39(33,7)8)15-11-12-16-28(2)18-14-20-30(4)22-24-34-32(6)38(44)36(42)26-40(34,9)10/h11-24,35-36,41-42H,25-26H2,1-10H3/b12-11+,17-13+,18-14+,23-21+,24-22+,27-15+,28-16+,29-19+,30-20+/t35-,36-/m0/s1
Chemical Name
(6S)-6-Hydroxy-3-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(4S)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxo-1-cyclohexenyl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-2,4,4-trimethyl-1-cyclohex-2-enone
Synonyms
Astaxanthin
Storage

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Shipping Condition
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
Solubility Data
Solubility (In Vitro)
DMSO : ~2 mg/mL (~3.35 mM)
Acetone :< 1 mg/mL
Preparing Stock Solutions 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.6755 mL 8.3775 mL 16.7549 mL
5 mM 0.3351 mL 1.6755 mL 3.3510 mL
10 mM 0.1675 mL 0.8377 mL 1.6755 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.

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Note: Chemical formula is case sensitive: C12H18N3O4  c12h18n3o4
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Method for preparing DMSO stock solution mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.

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