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Purity: ≥98%
Albiglutide Fragment (GLP-1 fragment 7-36) is one copy of the 30-amino-acid sequence of modified human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1, fragment 7-36). The albumin section, which can be found in the entire sequence of albiglutide (trade names Eperzan, Tanzeum, GSK-716155, GSK716155, albugon), a strong and long-acting GLP-1 agonist licensed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes/T2DM, is absent from Albiglutide Fragment. GSK developed and marketed albiglutide under the trade names Tanzeum and Eperzan in the US and EU, respectively, as an anti-diabetic/anti-hyperglycemic medication. Albiglutide is a peptide made up of 17 disulfide bridges and 645 proteinogenic amino acids. The modified human GLP-1 consists of two copies, amino acids 1–30 and 31–60, where glycine has been substituted for alanine at position 2 to improve resistance to DPP-4. The human albumin sequence is what's left. In the event that metformin therapy is ineffective or intolerable, albiglutide can be used either alone or in conjunction with other antidiabetic medications, such as insulins. Although it is unclear as of 2018 if albiglutide affects a person's risk of dying, GSK has stated that it plans to remove the medication from the global market by July 2018 due to financial concerns.
Targets |
GLP-1 receptor
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ln Vitro |
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ln Vivo |
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Animal Protocol |
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ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Maximum concentrations of albiglutide were reached at 3 to 5 days post-dosing following a single 30mg dose. The mean peak concentration (Cmax) and mean area under the time-concentration curve (AUC) of albiglutide were 1.74 mcg/mL and 465 mcg.h/mL, respectively 11 L. 67 mL/h. /MILK/ It is not known whether albiglutide is distributed into milk in humans ... . Albiglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue composed of tandem copies of modified human glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) coupled to recombinant human albumin that is approved in adults for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. After subcutaneous administration, albiglutide is likely primarily absorbed via the lymphatic circulation, with maximum concentrations being reached in 3 to 5 days; steady-state exposures are achieved following approximately 4 to 5 weeks of once-weekly administration. The elimination half-life of albiglutide is approximately 5 days. Clearance of albiglutide is 67 mL/h with between-subject variability of 34.9%; no covariates have been identified that would require dose adjustment of albiglutide. Albiglutide lowers the fasting plasma glucose and reduces postprandial glucose excursions. In addition, beta-cell secretion is enhanced by albiglutide during hyperglycemia, whereas secretion is suppressed during hypoglycemia; alpha-cell response to hypoglycemia is not impaired by albiglutide. Albiglutide does not prolong the corrected QT interval but has a modest effect on heart rate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Dose adjustment is not suggested in patients with renal impairment, but experience in patients with severe renal impairment is very limited, and it is recommended that albiglutide be used with care in such patients due to an increased frequency of diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. No clinically relevant drug interactions have been observed in clinical trials. Following SC administration of a single 30-mg dose to subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus, maximum concentrations of albiglutide were reached at 3 to 5 days post-dosing. The mean peak concentration (C max) and mean area under the time-concentration curve (AUC) of albiglutide were 1.74 mcg/mL and 465 mcg.h/mL, respectively, following a single dose of 30 mg albiglutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects. Steady-state exposures are achieved following 4 to 5 weeks of once-weekly administration. Exposures at the 30-mg and 50-mg dose levels were consistent with a dose-proportional increase. Similar exposure is achieved with SC administration of albiglutide in the abdomen, thigh, or upper arm. The absolute bioavailability of albiglutide following SC administration has not been evaluated. The mean estimate of apparent volume of distribution of albiglutide following SC administration is 11 L. As albiglutide is an albumin fusion molecule, plasma protein binding has not been assessed. The mean apparent clearance of albiglutide is 67 mL/hr with an elimination half-life of approximately 5 days, making albiglutide suitable for once-weekly administration. Metabolism / Metabolites Biotransformation studies have not been performed. Because albiglutide is an albumin fusion protein, it likely follows a metabolic pathway similar to native human serum albumin, which is catabolized primarily in the vascular endothelium. Albiglutide is a protein for which the expected metabolic pathway is degradation to small peptides and individual amino acids by ubiquitous proteolytic enzymes. Classical biotransformation studies have not been performed. Because albiglutide is an albumin fusion protein, it likely follows a metabolic pathway similar to native human serum albumin which is catabolized primarily in the vascular endothelium. Biological Half-Life 4-7 days. The elimination half-life of albiglutide following subcutaneous administration is 5 days, making the drug suitable for once-weekly administration. |
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Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity Summary
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Albiglutide (trade name: Tanzeum) is a prescription medication approved to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: In epidemiological meta-analyses, pancreatitis and thyroid cancer were observed, but it was not clear if they were related to the treatment. Additional adverse events included gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea), and hypoglycemia. In patients treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists, there have been post marketing reports of acute renal failure and worsening of chronic renal failure, which may sometimes require hemodialysis. Some of these events were reported in patients without known underlying renal disease. The risk of hypoglycemia is increased when albiglutide is used in combination with insulin secretagogues (e.g., sulfonylureas) or insulin. In clinical trials, acute pancreatitis has been reported in association with albiglutide. There may be an increased risk of thyroid C-cell tumors in patients treated with albiglutide. Albiglutide is an agonist of the GLP-1 receptor and augments glucose-dependent insulin secretion. Albiglutide also slows gastric emptying. ANIMAL STUDIES: Carcinogenicity of albiglutide could not be assessed in rodents, but other glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have caused thyroid C-cell tumors in rodents at clinically relevant exposures. Human relevance of GLP-1 receptor agonist induced C-cell tumors in rodents has not been determined. In pregnant mice given subcutaneous doses from gestation Day 6 through 15 (organogenesis), embryo-fetal lethality (post-implantation loss) and bent (wavy) ribs were observed, in addition to maternal toxicity (body weight loss and reduced food consumption). Offspring exhibited reduced body weight pre-weaning, dehydration and coldness, and a delay in balanopreputial separation. Increased mortality and morbidity were seen at all doses in lactating females. Reduced weight gain in the pups was also observed during the treatment period. In a mouse fertility study, reductions in estrous cycles were observed at 50 mg/kg/day, a dose associated with maternal toxicity (body weight loss and reduced food consumption). Females were treated with SC doses for 7 days prior to cohabitation with males, and continuing through mating. Reductions in estrous cycles were observed. Hepatotoxicity In large clinical trials, serum enzyme elevations were no more common with albiglutide therapy than with placebo or comparator agents, and no instances of clinically apparent liver injury were reported. Since licensure, there have been no published case reports of hepatotoxicity due to albiglutide and the product label does not list liver injury as an adverse event. Thus, liver injury due to albiglutide must be rare, if it occurs at all. Likelihood score: E (unlikely cause of clinically apparent liver injury). Interactions Potential pharmacokinetic interactions (altered absorption because of albiglutide-induced slowing of gastric emptying). In clinical trials, albiglutide did not affect the absorption of concomitantly administered oral drugs to any clinically relevant degree. However, caution should be exercised when albiglutide is administered concomitantly with oral drugs. To review drug interaction studies of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and concurrent oral medications. PubMed was searched (to December 5, 2011) using the terms exenatide, liraglutide, albiglutide, and lixisenatide. The AUCs of acetaminophen and lovastatin were decreased after exenatide administration and those of lisinopril and digoxin were decreased after liraglutide administration. In 10 studies, GLP-1RAs decreased the C(max) and, in 14 studies, prolonged the t(max) of study drug. Pharmacokinetic properties of drugs and differences in study design can explain differences in interaction potential. GLP-1RAs may produce clinically significant interactions with drugs that require achievement of target peak concentrations or a rapid onset of action. Studies in patients with type 2 diabetes are needed to further assess and allow comparison of several GLP-1RA agents' impact on steady-state pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of concomitant oral medications. |
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Additional Infomation |
Albiglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist (GLP-1) biologic drug indicated in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It is marketed under the brands Eperzan and Tanzeum by GSK (GlaxoSmithKline). It is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4-resistant glucagon-like peptide-1 dimer fused to human albumin. Albiglutide was approved on April 15, 2014 by the FDA.
Albiglutide is a recombinant DNA produced polypeptide analogue of human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) which is used in combination with diet and exercise in the therapy of type 2 diabetes, either alone or in combination with other antidiabetic agents. There have been no published reports of hepatotoxicity attributed to albiglutide therapy. Albiglutide is a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, with antihyperglycemic activity. Albiglutide is composed of a GLP-1 (7-36) dimer fused to recombinant human albumin. Upon subcutaneous administration, this agent has a half-life of 4-7 days and resists degradation by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). See also: Albiglutide (annotation moved to). Drug Indication Indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eperzan is indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults to improve glycaemic control as: MonotherapyWhen diet and exercise alone do not provide adequate glycaemic control in patients for whom use of metformin is considered inappropriate due to contraindications or intolerance. Add-on combination therapyIn combination with other glucose-lowering medicinal products including basal insulin, when these, together with diet and exercise, do not provide adequate glycaemic control (see section 4. 4 and 5. 1 for available data on different combinations). Treatment of type II diabetes mellitus Mechanism of Action Albiglutide is an agonist of the GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1) receptor and augments glucose-dependent insulin secretion. Albiglutide also slows gastric emptying. Tanzeum is an agonist of the GLP-1 receptor and augments glucose-dependent insulin secretion. Tanzeum also slows gastric emptying. Therapeutic Uses Incretins; Antidiabetic /CLINICAL TRIALS/ ClinicalTrials.gov is a registry and results database of publicly and privately supported clinical studies of human participants conducted around the world. The Web site is maintained by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Each ClinicalTrials.gov record presents summary information about a study protocol and includes the following: Disease or condition; Intervention (for example, the medical product, behavior, or procedure being studied); Title, description, and design of the study; Requirements for participation (eligibility criteria); Locations where the study is being conducted; Contact information for the study locations; and Links to relevant information on other health Web sites, such as NLM's MedlinePlus for patient health information and PubMed for citations and abstracts for scholarly articles in the field of medicine. Albiglutide is included in the database. Tanzeum is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. /Included in US product label/ EXPL THER Rats were treated with albiglutide and subjected to 30 min myocardial ischemia followed by 24 hr reperfusion. Left ventricle infarct size, hemodynamics, function and energetics were determined. In addition, cardiac glucose disposal, carbohydrate metabolism and metabolic gene expression were assessed. Albiglutide significantly reduced infarct size and concomitantly improved post-ischemic hemodynamics, cardiac function and energetic parameters. Albiglutide markedly increased both in vivo and ex vivo cardiac glucose uptake while reducing lactate efflux. Analysis of metabolic substrate utilization directly in the heart showed that albiglutide increased the relative carbohydrate versus fat oxidation which in part was due to an increase in both glucose and lactate oxidation. Metabolic gene expression analysis indicated upregulation of key glucose metabolism genes in the non-ischemic myocardium by albiglutide. Albiglutide reduced myocardial infarct size and improved cardiac function and energetics following myocardial I/R injury. Drug Warnings /BOX WARNING/ Tanzeum is contraindicated in patients with a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) or in patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN 2). Counsel patients regarding the potential risk of MTC with the use of Tanzeum and inform them of the symptoms of thyroid tumors (e.g., mass in the neck, dysphagia, dyspnea, persistent hoarseness). Routine monitoring of serum calcitonin or using thyroid ultrasound monitoring is of uncertain value for early detection of MTC in patients treated with Tanzeum. /BOX WARNING/ Carcinogenicity of albiglutide could not be assessed in rodents, but other glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have caused thyroid C-cell tumors in rodents at clinically relevant exposures. Human relevance of GLP-1 receptor agonist induced C-cell tumors in rodents has not been determined. It is unknown whether Tanzeum causes thyroid C-cell tumors, including medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), in humans. In patients treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists, there have been postmarketing reports of acute renal failure and worsening of chronic renal failure, which may sometimes require hemodialysis. Some of these events were reported in patients without known underlying renal disease. Use caution when initiating or escalating doses of Tanzeum in patients with renal impairment. Serious hypersensitivity reactions (pruritus, rash, dyspnea) have been reported in patients receiving albiglutide.1 If a hypersensitivity reaction occurs, albiglutide should be discontinued and the patient should be treated according to the standard of care and monitored until manifestations resolve. For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for Albiglutide (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page. Albiglutide has a chemical structure quite distinct from that of other marketed GLP-1 RAs. The agent has less gastrointestinal side effects than other comparable GLP-1 RAs and is safe in patients with renal failure. As a sole treatment for diabetes and used with other hypoglycemic agents, it achieves a lowering of HbA1c of up to 1%, less than several competitor GLP-1 RAs. The benefit on weight reduction is minimal compared to other GLP-1 RAs. There exists concern about an imbalance of pancreatitis cases in the approval program as well as injection site reactions which led to discontinuance of therapy in up to 2% of participants. A large long term study now underway will determine if albiglutide, with its lower level of GI intolerance, has a place in the treatment of patients with increased risk of cardiovascular events.[1] |
Molecular Formula |
C148H224N40O45
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Molecular Weight |
3283.6
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Exact Mass |
3281.646
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CAS # |
782500-75-8
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Related CAS # |
Albiglutide fragment TFA; Albiglutide fragment; 224638-84-0
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PubChem CID |
145994868
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Sequence |
H-His-Gly-Glu-Gly-aThr-Phe-aThr-Ser-Asp-Val-Ser-Ser-Tyr-Leu-Glu-Gly-Gln-D-Ala-D-Ala-Lys-Glu-Phe-aIle-D-Ala-Trp-Leu-Val-Lys-Gly-Arg-NH2;
L-histidyl-glycyl-L-alpha-glutamyl-glycyl-L-allothreonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-allothreonyl-L-seryl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-valyl-L-seryl-L-seryl-L-tyrosyl-L-leucyl-L-alpha-glutamyl-glycyl-L-glutaminyl-D-alanyl-D-alanyl-L-lysyl-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-alloisoleucyl-D-alanyl-L-tryptophyl-L-leucyl-L-valyl-L-lysyl-glycyl-L-argininamide
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SequenceShortening |
HGEGXFXSDVSSYLEGQAAKEFXAWLVKGR
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Appearance |
White to yellow powder
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Density |
1.5±0.1 g/cm3
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Index of Refraction |
1.661
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LogP |
-5.2
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Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
49
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Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
50
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Rotatable Bond Count |
109
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Heavy Atom Count |
233
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Complexity |
7620
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Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
29
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SMILES |
O=C([C@H](CC(C)C)NC([C@H](CC1=CNC2C=CC=CC1=2)NC([C@@H](C)NC([C@H]([C@H](C)CC)NC([C@H](CC1C=CC=CC=1)NC([C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC([C@H](CCCCN)NC([C@@H](C)NC([C@@H](C)NC([C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(CNC([C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC([C@H](CC(C)C)NC([C@H](CC1C=CC(=CC=1)O)NC([C@H](CO)NC([C@H](CO)NC([C@H](C(C)C)NC([C@H](CC(=O)O)NC([C@H](CO)NC([C@H]([C@H](C)O)NC([C@H](CC1C=CC=CC=1)NC([C@@H]([C@H](C)O)NC(CNC([C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(CNC([C@H](CC1=CN=CN1)N)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(NCC(N[C@H](C(N)=O)CCCNC(=N)N)=O)=O)CCCCN)=O)C(C)C
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InChi Key |
JYDZPPZAYQTOIV-OTSUTHPESA-N
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InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C148H224N40O45/c1-16-76(10)119(145(231)166-79(13)125(211)174-103(59-85-62-158-90-35-24-23-34-88(85)90)135(221)176-99(55-73(4)5)136(222)185-117(74(6)7)143(229)173-92(36-25-27-51-149)127(213)160-65-109(196)167-91(122(153)208)38-29-53-157-148(154)155)187-137(223)101(56-82-30-19-17-20-31-82)177-132(218)97(46-50-115(204)205)172-131(217)93(37-26-28-52-150)170-124(210)78(12)164-123(209)77(11)165-130(216)96(43-47-108(152)195)169-111(198)66-161-129(215)95(45-49-114(202)203)171-133(219)98(54-72(2)3)175-134(220)100(58-84-39-41-87(194)42-40-84)178-140(226)105(68-189)181-142(228)107(70-191)182-144(230)118(75(8)9)186-139(225)104(61-116(206)207)179-141(227)106(69-190)183-147(233)121(81(15)193)188-138(224)102(57-83-32-21-18-22-33-83)180-146(232)120(80(14)192)184-112(199)67-162-128(214)94(44-48-113(200)201)168-110(197)64-159-126(212)89(151)60-86-63-156-71-163-86/h17-24,30-35,39-42,62-63,71-81,89,91-107,117-121,158,189-194H,16,25-29,36-38,43-61,64-70,149-151H2,1-15H3,(H2,152,195)(H2,153,208)(H,156,163)(H,159,212)(H,160,213)(H,161,215)(H,162,214)(H,164,209)(H,165,216)(H,166,231)(H,167,196)(H,168,197)(H,169,198)(H,170,210)(H,171,219)(H,172,217)(H,173,229)(H,174,211)(H,175,220)(H,176,221)(H,177,218)(H,178,226)(H,179,227)(H,180,232)(H,181,228)(H,182,230)(H,183,233)(H,184,199)(H,185,222)(H,186,225)(H,187,223)(H,188,224)(H,200,201)(H,202,203)(H,204,205)(H,206,207)(H4,154,155,157)/t76-,77-,78-,79-,80+,81+,89+,91+,92+,93+,94+,95+,96+,97+,98+,99+,100+,101+,102+,103+,104+,105+,106+,107+,117+,118+,119+,120+,121+/m1/s1
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Chemical Name |
(4S)-5-[[2-[[(2S,3S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2R)-1-[[(2R)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[(2R)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-amino-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-carboxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-4-[[2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
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Synonyms |
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HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
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Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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Solubility (In Vitro) |
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Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Please refer to the "Guidelines for Dissolving Peptides" section in the 4th page of the "Instructions for use" file (upper-right section of this webpage) for how to dissolve peptides. Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples. Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80: Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 :Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400  (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
1 mM | 0.3045 mL | 1.5227 mL | 3.0454 mL | |
5 mM | 0.0609 mL | 0.3045 mL | 0.6091 mL | |
10 mM | 0.0305 mL | 0.1523 mL | 0.3045 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration: mg/mL;
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation::Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.