Human Endogenous Metabolite; Microbial Metabolite

Animal models with elevated uric acid can be created by using adenine.

Toxicity Summary
Adenine forms adenosine, a nucleoside, when attached to ribose, and deoxyadenosine when attached to deoxyribose, and it forms adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a nucleotide, when three phosphate groups are added to adenosine. Adenosine triphosphate is used in cellular metabolism as one of the basic methods of transferring chemical energy between reactions. In older literature, adenine was sometimes called Vitamin B4Not Available

[1]. Synthesis of purines under possible primitive earth conditions. I. Adenine from hydrogen cyanide. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1961 Aug;94:217-27.

[2]. An Introduction to Genetic Analysis. 7th edition. New York: W. H. Freeman; 2000. Structure of DNA.

[3]. Reader V. The assay of vitamin B(4). Biochem J. 1930;24(6):1827-31.

[4]. Pharmacokinetics of Adenosine and Cordycepin, a Bioactive Constituent of Cordyceps sinensis in Rat. J Agric Food Chem 2010 Apr 28;58(8):4638-43.

[5]. Dentoalveolar Alterations in an Adenine‐Induced Chronic Kidney Disease Mouse Model. J Bone Miner Res. 2023 Aug;38(8):1192-1207.

[6]. Sodium Thiosulfate Improves Hypertension in Rats with Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Jan 11;11(1):147.

Adenine is the parent compound of the 6-aminopurines, composed of a purine having an amino group at C-6. It has a role as a human metabolite, a Daphnia magna metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a purine nucleobase and a member of 6-aminopurines. It derives from a hydride of a 9H-purine.
A purine base and a fundamental unit of adenine nucleotides.
Adenine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).
Adenine has been reported in Streptomyces piomogenus, Bridelia balansae, and other organisms with data available.
Adenine is a purine nucleobase with an amine group attached to the carbon at position 6. Adenine is the precursor for adenosine and deoxyadenosine nucleosides.
Adenine is a purine base. Adenine is found in both DNA and RNA. Adenine is a fundamental component of adenine nucleotides. Adenine forms adenosine, a nucleoside, when attached to ribose, and deoxyadenosine when attached to deoxyribose; it forms adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a nucleotide, when three phosphate groups are added to adenosine. Adenosine triphosphate is used in cellular metabolism as one of the basic methods of transferring chemical energy between chemical reactions. Purine inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) are serious hereditary disorders, which should be suspected in any case of neonatal fitting, failure to thrive, recurrent infections, neurological deficit, renal disease, self-mutilation and other manifestations. Investigation usually starts with uric acid (UA) determination in urine and plasma. (OMIM 300322, 229600, 603027, 232400, 232600, 232800, 201450, 220150, 232200, 162000, 164050, 278300). (A3372, A3373).
Adenine is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
A purine base and a fundamental unit of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDES.
See also: adenine; dextrose, unspecified form (component of) ... View More ...

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Drug Indication
For nutritional supplementation, also for treating dietary shortage or imbalance

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Mechanism of Action
Adenine forms adenosine, a nucleoside, when attached to ribose, and deoxyadenosine when attached to deoxyribose, and it forms adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which drives many cellular metabolic processes by transferring chemical energy between reactions.

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Pharmacodynamics
Adenine (sometimes known as vitamin B4) combines with the sugar ribose to form adenosine, which in turn can be bonded with from one to three phosphoric acid units, yielding AMP, ADP and ATP . These adenine derivatives perform important functions in cellular metabolism. Adenine is one of four nitrogenous bases utilized in the synthesis of nucleic acids. A modified form of adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) is an imporant secondary messenger in the propagation of many hormonal stimuli. Adenine is an integral part of the structure of many coenzymes. Adenosine (adenine with a ribose group) causes transient heart block in the AV node of the heart. In individuals suspected of suffering from a supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), adenosine is used to help identify the rhythm. Certain SVTs can be successfully terminated with adenosine.

C5H5N5

135.13

135.054

C, 44.44; H, 3.73; N, 51.83

73-24-5

2922-28-3；321-30-2

190

White to off-white solid powder

1.9±0.1 g/cm3

243.2±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg

360-365ºC

100.9±30.1 °C

0.0±0.5 mmHg at 25°C

1.954

-2.12

2

4

0

10

127

0

N1([H])C([H])=NC2C1=C(N([H])[H])N=C([H])N=2

GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C5H5N5/c6-4-3-5(9-1-7-3)10-2-8-4/h1-2H,(H3,6,7,8,9,10)

7H-purin-6-amine;sulfuric acid

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Solubility in Formulation 1: 1 mg/mL (7.40 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication (<60°C).

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)