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Purity: ≥98%
Adenine sulfate (6-Aminopurine hemisulfate; Vitamin B4 hemisulfate), the sulfate salt form of adenine, is a purine derivative and a nucleobase with important biological functions. In order to determine whether boron stimulates yeast growth, adenine is used as an active ingredient in boron-deficient media to grow yeast. As vitamin B4 and a local antiseptic, it works well. It also plays a role in the microbial assessment of niacin. In order to study the effects of dietary adenine overload, adult rats are also given it as a food supplement.
| Targets |
Human Endogenous Metabolite; Microbial Metabolite
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|---|---|
| ln Vivo |
- Induced chronic kidney disease in mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a diet containing 0.2% adenine for 4 weeks, resulting in significant increases in serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and phosphorus levels, as well as a decrease in hemoglobin levels. It also caused dento - alveolar bone loss, increased osteoclast number and activity, and reduced osteoblast activity, with down - regulated expression of osteoblast - related genes (Runx2, Osterix, and Col1a1) and up - regulated expression of osteoclast - related genes (Acp5, Ctsk, and Trap) [5]
- Induced chronic kidney disease in rats, leading to hypertension. Male Sprague - Dawley rats were fed a diet containing 0.75% adenine for 4 weeks to establish a chronic kidney disease model. After that, the rats showed increased blood pressure, and treatment with sodium thiosulfate could improve hypertension in these rats [6] |
| Animal Protocol |
- For the mouse model of chronic kidney disease, male C57BL/6 mice were used, and they were fed a diet containing 0.2% adenine for 4 weeks [5]
- For the rat model of chronic kidney disease, male Sprague - Dawley rats were used, and they were fed a diet containing 0.75% adenine for 4 weeks [6] |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
- Can cause kidney damage. In mouse and rat models, feeding a diet containing adenine led to an increase in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, indicating kidney function impairment [5]
- Can cause blood system changes. In the mouse model, feeding a diet containing adenine led to a decrease in hemoglobin levels, suggesting an impact on the blood system [5] Toxicity Summary Adenine forms adenosine, a nucleoside, when attached to ribose, and deoxyadenosine when attached to deoxyribose, and it forms adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a nucleotide, when three phosphate groups are added to adenosine. Adenosine triphosphate is used in cellular metabolism as one of the basic methods of transferring chemical energy between reactions. In older literature, adenine was sometimes called Vitamin B4Not Available 9449 rat LD50 intraperitoneal 200 mg/kg Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie., 232(302), 1978 [PMID:677963] 9449 mouse LD50 intraperitoneal 750 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS; BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA; LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology., 47(229), 1979 [PMID:452019] |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Adenine is one of the four basic components of DNA, along with thymine, guanine, and cytosine. Eukaryotic DNA contains adenine, and adenine methylation is an epigenetic modification. This modification has a complex evolutionary history, and the relevant enzymes can cause various changes in the base molecules of DNA, which is of great significance for understanding normal development, cell - specific functions, and some cancers and other diseases.
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| Molecular Formula |
2(C5H5N5).H2SO4
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| Molecular Weight |
368.33
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| Exact Mass |
368.076
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| CAS # |
321-30-2
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| Related CAS # |
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| PubChem CID |
9449
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Boiling Point |
553.5ºC at 760mmHg
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| Melting Point |
285 °C (dec.)(lit.)
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| LogP |
1.46
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
6
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
12
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
25
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| Complexity |
209
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C1=NC2=NC=NC(=C2N1)N.C1=NC2=NC=NC(=C2N1)N.OS(=O)(=O)O
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| InChi Key |
LQXHSCOPYJCOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/2C5H5N5.H2O4S/c2*6-4-3-5(9-1-7-3)10-2-8-4;1-5(2,3)4/h2*1-2H,(H3,6,7,8,9,10);(H2,1,2,3,4)
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| Chemical Name |
7H-purin-6-amine;sulfuric acid
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| Synonyms |
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
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| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.57 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.57 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.57 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 2 mg/mL (10.86 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication (<60°C). |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.7150 mL | 13.5748 mL | 27.1496 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5430 mL | 2.7150 mL | 5.4299 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2715 mL | 1.3575 mL | 2.7150 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | interventions | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
| NCT03799705 | Active Recruiting |
N/A | Vacterl Association Congenital Malformation |
Mayo Clinic | December 1, 2019 | N/A |
| NCT06005350 | Not yet recruiting | Dietary Supplement: Niagen Other: Placebo |
NAD | Charite University, Berlin, Germany |
September 4, 2023 | Not Applicable |
| NCT04691986 | Recruiting | Dietary Supplement: Nicotinamide Riboside Other: Placebo |
Muscle Quality and NAD+ Content Sarcopenia |
VA Office of Research and Development |
September 1, 2023 | Not Applicable |
| NCT06065852 | Recruiting | N/A | Cystinosis Cystinuria |
UK Kidney Association | November 6, 2009 | N/A |
| NCT02752633 | Completed | Drug: Allopurinol Drug: Febuxostat |
Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase Deficiency |
Landspitali University Hospital | May 2013 | Phase 4 |
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