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| Targets |
The primary targets of Viridicatol include bacterial pathogens, particularly Staphylococcus aureus, and the NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway. As an antibacterial agent, it inhibits the growth of S. aureus with an MIC of 15.6 µg/mL. As an anti-inflammatory agent, it suppresses the expression of iNOS and COX-2 through inhibition of the NF-κB pathway in LPS-stimulated cells. The compound does not have a defined receptor target but exerts its effects through direct antibacterial and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Viridicatol demonstrates potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with an MIC of 15.6 µg/mL. It also exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as iNOS and COX-2 via inhibition of the NF-κB pathway in LPS-stimulated cells. The compound is isolated from the fermentation of an endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. Its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities are concentration-dependent.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo activity of Viridicatol has been characterized in anti-inflammatory models. The compound suppresses the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and shows anti-inflammatory effects. However, detailed in vivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies are limited. As a fungal metabolite, it has been found in various Penicillium species and shows potential for therapeutic applications. Further in vivo studies would be needed to fully characterize its therapeutic potential.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays for Viridicatol typically involve antibacterial susceptibility testing and anti-inflammatory mechanism studies. For antibacterial testing, Staphylococcus aureus cultures are treated with serial dilutions of Viridicatol (0.1-100 µg/mL). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is determined after 24 hours of incubation at 37°C. For anti-inflammatory studies, LPS-stimulated macrophages are treated with Viridicatol, and iNOS and COX-2 expression is measured by Western blot or qRT-PCR.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for Viridicatol involve testing its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. For antibacterial studies, S. aureus cultures are treated with varying concentrations of Viridicatol (0.1-100 µg/mL). Bacterial growth is measured by optical density at 600 nm. For anti-inflammatory studies, macrophages (e.g., RAW 264.7) are stimulated with LPS and treated with Viridicatol (1-50 µM). Pro-inflammatory cytokine production and iNOS/COX-2 expression are measured.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for Viridicatol are limited, as the compound is primarily studied in vitro. For anti-inflammatory efficacy testing, animal models of inflammation (e.g., carrageenan-induced paw edema) could be used. Animals would be treated with Viridicatol via oral or intraperitoneal administration, and inflammatory markers would be assessed. However, detailed in vivo protocols are not well established in the available literature.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of Viridicatol include a molecular weight of 253.25 and a molecular formula of C₁₅H₁₁NO₃. It appears as a white to off-white solid powder with a purity of ≥98%. The compound is intended for research use only and has not been approved for clinical use. Detailed pharmacokinetic parameters such as half-life, oral bioavailability, and tissue distribution are not well characterized in the available literature.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of Viridicatol has not been extensively characterized. As a fungal metabolite, it is generally considered to have moderate toxicity. Standard toxicity studies would include assessment of acute oral toxicity, repeated-dose toxicity, and genotoxicity in animal models. The compound is intended for research use only and is not approved for clinical use. Further toxicological studies would be needed to fully establish its safety profile.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Viridicatol belongs to the quinoline class of compounds. It has been reported that viridicato is found in Penicillium circinate, Aspergillus versicolor, and Penicillium aubergine, and relevant data are available for reference.
Viridicatol (CAS 14484-44-7) has a molecular formula of C₁₅H₁₁NO₃ and a molecular weight of 253.25. It is a quinolone alkaloid extracted from Penicillium spp. with potent antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC = 15.6 µg/mL) and anti-inflammatory activity via NF-κB pathway inhibition. The compound appears as a white to off-white solid powder with a purity of ≥98%. It is intended for research use only and is not approved for clinical use. |
| Molecular Formula |
C15H11NO3
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| Molecular Weight |
253.25
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| Exact Mass |
253.074
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| CAS # |
14484-44-7
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| PubChem CID |
115033
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
2.606
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
19
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| Complexity |
404
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
QIJIOTTYIGBOQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C15H11NO3/c17-10-5-3-4-9(8-10)13-11-6-1-2-7-12(11)16-15(19)14(13)18/h1-8,17-18H,(H,16,19)
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| Chemical Name |
3-hydroxy-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-quinolin-2-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : 125 mg/mL (493.58 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (8.21 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (8.21 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.9487 mL | 19.7433 mL | 39.4867 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7897 mL | 3.9487 mL | 7.8973 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3949 mL | 1.9743 mL | 3.9487 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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