| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Microtubules (antimitotic activity via disruption of microtubule polymerization), BACE1 (beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1), GABA receptors, and mitochondrial dehydrogenase. Scoulerine disrupts microtubule structures, induces cell cycle arrest, and promotes apoptosis. Its BACE1 inhibitory activity may have implications for Alzheimer's disease research.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
(-)-Sculerine, with IC50s ranging from 2.7 µM to 6.5 µM, suppresses a mini-panel of human leukemic cells, including MOLT-4 (WT), Raji (TP53 mutant), Jurkat (TP53 mutated), HL-60 (TP53 null), U-937 (TP53 mutated), and HEL 92.1.7 (wild-type)[1]. The growth of Jurkat and MOLT-4 cells is inhibited by scopulerine (2.5–20 µM; 24 hours)[1]. MOLT-4 and Jurkat cells undergo apoptosis when exposed to (2.5–20 µM; 24 hours)[1]. Induced G2 or M cell cycle arrest is caused by scopulerine [1]. p53 protein is upregulated in p53 wild-type MOLT-4 cells when scoulerine (2.5–5 µM) is applied for 24 hours[1]. Activation of caspase-3/7, -8, and -9 is dose-dependent and occurs at 2.5–5 µM over a 24-48-hour period[1]. The microtubule structure of A549 lung cancer cells is disrupted by scopulerine (5–10 µM) over a 24-hour period[1].
In vitro, scoulerine inhibits the proliferation of various cancer cell lines, induces G2/M cell cycle arrest, and promotes apoptosis. It targets the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and disrupts microtubule structure. Scoulerine inhibits mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity and suppresses cancer cell migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and stem cell properties. It acts as a BACE1 inhibitor, which may have implications for Alzheimer's disease research. The compound shows antibacterial, antitumor, and antioxidant activities. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, scoulerine has shown antitumor activity in animal models, though specific studies are limited. Its BACE1 inhibitory activity suggests potential for studying Alzheimer's disease, but in vivo data for this application are lacking. As a microtubule-targeting agent, it would be expected to have antitumor efficacy in xenograft models, with effects similar to other antimitotic alkaloids.
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| Enzyme Assay |
BACE1 enzymatic activity assay: Recombinant human BACE1 (10-20 nM) is incubated with a fluorogenic peptide substrate (e.g., Mca-SEVNLDAEFRK(Dnp)RR-NH2, 1-5 uM) and varying concentrations of scoulerine (0.01-100 uM) in assay buffer (50 mM sodium acetate pH 4.5, 0.1% CHAPS) for 60-120 minutes at 37degC. The increase in fluorescence (excitation 320 nm, emission 405 nm) due to substrate cleavage is measured. IC50 for BACE1 inhibition is calculated.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell Proliferation Assay[1]
Cell Types: Jurkat and MOLT -4 cells Tested Concentrations: 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 µM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Dramatically decreased the viability and proliferation of Jurkat and MOLT-4 cells in a dose dependent manner. Apoptosis Analysis[1] Cell Types: MOLT -4 and Jurkat cells Tested Concentrations: 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 µM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Induced MOLT-4 and Jurkat cells apoptosis. Cell Cycle Analysis[1] Cell Types: Jurkat and MOLT-4 leukemic cells Tested Concentrations: 2.5-20 µM Incubation Duration: 16 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: Induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M transition. Western Blot Analysis[1] Cell Types: MOLT-4 cells Tested Concentrations: 2.5, 5 µM Incubation Duration: 24 hrs (hours) Experimental Results: demonstrated an upregulation of p53 protein in p53 wild-type MOLT-4 cells. Cell cycle and apoptosis assays: Cancer cells (e.g., HeLa, MCF-7, or other cell lines) are treated with scoulerine (0.1-100 uM) for 24-72 hours. Cell cycle distribution is analyzed by flow cytometry after propidium iodide staining. Apoptosis is measured using Annexin V/PI staining or caspase-3/7 activity assays (DEVD-rhodamine substrate). Cell viability is measured using MTT or CCK-8 assays. Microtubule disruption is visualized by immunofluorescence staining of beta-tubulin. |
| Animal Protocol |
Antitumor efficacy models: Scoulerine could be tested in mouse xenograft models (e.g., human cancer cell lines implanted subcutaneously in immunodeficient mice) with administration via intraperitoneal or intravenous injection (5-50 mg/kg, daily or every other day) for 14-21 days. Tumor volumes are measured, and tumors are harvested for histology and biomarker analysis (Ki-67, cleaved caspase-3).
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As a small molecule (MW 327.38), scoulerine is expected to have moderate oral bioavailability and tissue distribution. Detailed pharmacokinetic data (Cmax, AUC, t½, bioavailability) are limited. Metabolism is likely via hepatic CYP450 enzymes and conjugation reactions.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No specific toxicity data are reported. As an alkaloid, it may have dose-dependent toxicity including gastrointestinal effects and neurological symptoms at high doses. Comprehensive toxicological studies have not been performed as it is a research compound.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
(S)-Skelerline is a berberine alkaloid isolated from Corydalis saxicola. It is an EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor and a plant metabolite. It is an organic heterotetracyclic compound and also a berberine alkaloid. (S)-Skelerline has been reported to exist in Corydalis solida, Corydalis balansae, and several other organisms with relevant data.
Scoulerine is a research compound, not an approved drug. It is used as a tool to study microtubule dynamics, cell cycle regulation, and BACE1 inhibition. It is a natural product found in various plants, including species of the Papaveraceae family. Also known as (-)-Sculerine or Discretamine. |
| Molecular Formula |
C19H21NO4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
327.37
|
| Exact Mass |
327.147
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| CAS # |
6451-73-6
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| PubChem CID |
439654
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| Appearance |
Off-white to pink solid powder
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| Density |
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
503.3±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
192ºC
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| Flash Point |
258.2±30.1 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.3 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.680
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| LogP |
2.16
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
24
|
| Complexity |
447
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
|
| SMILES |
COC1=C(C2=C(C[C@H]3C4=CC(=C(C=C4CCN3C2)OC)O)C=C1)O
|
| InChi Key |
KNWVMRVOBAFFMH-HNNXBMFYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C19H21NO4/c1-23-17-4-3-11-7-15-13-9-16(21)18(24-2)8-12(13)5-6-20(15)10-14(11)19(17)22/h3-4,8-9,15,21-22H,5-7,10H2,1-2H3/t15-/m0/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(13aS)-3,10-dimethoxy-6,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-5H-isoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinoline-2,9-diol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (305.46 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.35 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (6.35 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.0546 mL | 15.2732 mL | 30.5465 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6109 mL | 3.0546 mL | 6.1093 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3055 mL | 1.5273 mL | 3.0546 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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