Pyrimethanil is a fungicide classified as anilinopyrimidines, specifically a strobilurin. After being exposed to two environmentally relevant concentrations of pyrimethanil for an extended period of time, the Italian tree frog H. intermedia's tissues may undergo histological changes and exhibit a variety of toxic reactions (5 and 50 µg/L)[2]. In the medium of three-day-old cultures, pyrimethanil reduces the activity of polygalacturonase, cellulase, proteinase, and laccase. For polygalacturonase, cellulase, and proteinase, the 50% reduction in total enzyme activity (IC50) caused by pyrimethanil is roughly 0.25 μM, and for laccase, it is approximately 1.0 μM[3].

Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
In rats, absorption, metabolism, and excretion are rapid. Following a single oral administration, over 95% is eliminated within 6–8 hours. Metabolism/Metabolites Metabolism involves oxidation to hydroxylated derivatives, followed by conjugation reactions. …Metabolism is minimal in fruits.

[1]. Petr Masner, et al. Possible methionine biosynthesis inhibition by pyrimidinamine fungicides. Pesticide Science
[2]. L Kanetis, et al. Characterization of genetic and biochemical mechanisms of fludioxonil and pyrimethanil resistance in field isolates of Penicillium digitatum. Phytopathology
[3]. Richard J. Milling, et al. Mode of action of the anilino‐pyrimidine fungicide pyrimethanil. 2. Effects on enzyme secretion in Botrytis cinerea. Volume45, Issue1, September 1995.
[4]. Salvatore D'Aquino, et al. Residue levels and effectiveness of pyrimethanil vs imazalil when using heated postharvest dip treatments for control of Penicillium decay on citrus fruit. J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Jun 28;54(13):4721-6.

Azoxystrobin belongs to the aminopyrimidine class of compounds, with the structure N-phenylpyrimidine-2-amine, and two methyl substituents at the 4 and 6 positions respectively. It is a fungicide used to control gray mold on fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants, as well as leaf spot on pome fruits. In addition, it is commonly used to control gray mold in grapes, grape juice, fermented grape juice, and winemaking processes. Azoxystrobin possesses multiple properties, including being an aromatic hydrocarbon receptor agonist, an environmental pollutant, an exogenous substance, and an antifungal pesticide. It is an aminopyrimidine compound, belonging to the secondary amino compounds and phenylpyrimidine fungicides.
Azoxystrobin has been reported to exist in Ganoderma lucidum, and relevant data are available.
Azoxystrobin is a fungicide used on grapevines.
See also: Cyproterin (note moved to).

---

Mechanism of Action
/Its mode of action is/inhibiting the secretion of fungal pathogenic enzymes. This study investigated the effects of pyraclostrobin on the levels of cell wall-degrading enzymes secreted by Botrytis cinerea in diseased plant tissues and liquid cultures. Three days after inoculation, the total protease activity isolated from infected carrot slices treated with 5.0 μM pyraclostrobin decreased by 76%. After three days of culture in a medium containing pyraclostrobin, the activities of polygalacturonase, cellulase, protease, and laccase were all reduced. The pyraclostrobin concentration (IC50) that resulted in a 50% reduction in total enzyme activity was approximately 0.25 μM for polygalacturonase, cellulase, and protease, and approximately 1.0 μM for laccase. No significant growth inhibition was observed at these pyraclostrobin concentrations. Pyraclostrobin neither directly inhibits these enzymes nor inhibits cytoplasmic protein synthesis. Therefore, it is hypothesized that this fungicide inhibits protein secretion at the post-translational stage of the secretion pathway. The effects of pyraclostrobin on the growth of Botrytis cinerea on liquid media and agar plates differed significantly depending on the composition of the medium. In liquid media with cellulose and protein as carbon and nitrogen sources, 5.0 μM pyraclostrobin inhibited fungal growth; however, no growth inhibition was observed at 50 μM pyraclostrobin in malt extract. Similarly, on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium, 0.5 μM pyraclostrobin promoted fungal growth, but no fungal growth was observed at this concentration on agar media containing cellulose and protein. Therefore, pyraclostrobin appears to have the highest activity in media where fungi must utilize extracellular enzymes to mobilize the nutrients required for their growth.

C12H13N3

199.25

199.11

53112-28-0

Pyrimethanil-13C,15N2;Pyrimethanil-d5;2118244-83-8

91650

Colorless crystals

1.1±0.1 g/cm3

362.8±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg

96°C

173.2±28.7 °C

0.0±0.8 mmHg at 25°C

1.622

2.84

1

3

2

15

179

0

N([H])(C1C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C=1[H])C1=NC(C([H])([H])[H])=C([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])=N1

ZLIBICFPKPWGIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C12H13N3/c1-9-8-10(2)14-12(13-9)15-11-6-4-3-5-7-11/h3-8H,1-2H3,(H,13,14,15)

4,6-dimethyl-N-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage.

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

DMSO : 130 mg/mL (652.45 mM)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 3.25 mg/mL (16.31 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 32.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL of PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL of Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL of normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

---

Solubility in Formulation 2: 3.25 mg/mL (16.31 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 32.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.

---

View More

Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 3.25 mg/mL (16.31 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 32.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of corn oil and mix evenly.

---

 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)