| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary target of nourseothricin is the bacterial ribosome, where it inhibits protein biosynthesis. The compound binds to the ribosome and interferes with the translation process, preventing the synthesis of bacterial proteins. This mechanism of action is distinct from other classes of antibiotics, making nourseothricin useful for studying protein synthesis and for selecting cells that have been genetically modified with resistance markers. Nourseothricin also targets the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, effectively disrupting their integrity. The compound's broad-spectrum activity makes it a valuable tool for microbiological research and for the selection of resistant strains.
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| ln Vitro |
Nourseothricin sulfate resistance in E. coli can make resistant bacteria susceptible by removing their outer membrane resistance. Nourseothricin sulfate can enter the cell through porin pores and cross the outer membrane. Previous research had demonstrated that nourseothricin sulfate may open up specific channels in the outer membrane that allowed the drug to enter the cell wall. Nonetheless, there are signs that resistant strains with inactivated Nourseothricin sulfate acetyltransferase may have an extra defense mechanism in the form of a weakened outer membrane.
In vitro, nourseothricin sulfate demonstrates broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activity. The compound inhibits the growth of a wide range of bacteria, including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative species, as well as fungi such as yeast and filamentous fungi. Nourseothricin is particularly effective against Gram-negative bacteria, targeting their outer membrane and inhibiting protein synthesis. The compound is used as a selection agent in molecular biology for the identification and maintenance of cells expressing resistance genes. In cell culture, nourseothricin is used to select for cells that have been successfully transformed or transfected with resistance markers, typically at concentrations of 50-100 μg/mL depending on the cell type. |
| ln Vivo |
Nephrotoxicity symptoms may appear after the administration of nourseothricin sulfate, as the kidneys are the organs that preferentially eliminate the medication. Using renal cortical slices, tests were conducted under different experimental settings to assess the renal processing of Nourseothricin sulfate. Nourseothricin has no effect on the renal tubular transport system of the organic anion (para-aminohippurate, PAH) following in vivo administration. Renal cortical sections had a significant concentration of nourseothricin sulfate accumulation. Nourseothricin sulfate buildup was unaffected by probenecid, trihydroxyaminomethane, or simultaneous administration of PAH or nitrogen atmosphere, in contrast to PAH accumulation. There are no age-related variations in the buildup of Nourseothricin sulfate [4].
In vivo, nourseothricin sulfate has been studied for its antimicrobial activity in animal models. The compound's broad-spectrum activity against bacteria and fungi suggests potential for the treatment of infections, although its use is primarily in research settings. Nourseothricin is also used as a selection agent in plant research, where it is employed to select for transgenic plants expressing resistance markers. The compound's ability to inhibit protein synthesis in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells makes it a versatile tool for studying gene function and for the selection of genetically modified organisms. |
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro antimicrobial assays for nourseothricin sulfate are performed using standard broth microdilution or agar diffusion methods to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against various bacterial and fungal strains. Bacteria or fungi are cultured in appropriate media and treated with serial dilutions of nourseothricin (typically 0.1-100 μg/mL). The MIC is determined as the lowest concentration that inhibits visible growth after 18-24 hours of incubation (for bacteria) or 48-72 hours (for fungi). The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) is determined by subculturing. Zone of inhibition assays are performed by placing compound-impregnated discs on agar plates seeded with microorganisms.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for nourseothricin sulfate are performed using bacterial and fungal cultures to assess antimicrobial activity. Bacteria or fungi are grown in liquid media and treated with nourseothricin at various concentrations. Growth inhibition is monitored by measuring optical density (OD600) over time. Cell viability is assessed by plating serial dilutions on agar plates and counting colony-forming units (CFUs). In eukaryotic cell culture, nourseothricin is used as a selection agent. Cells expressing the resistance marker are cultured in the presence of nourseothricin (typically 50-200 μg/mL depending on the cell type), and cell viability is assessed by MTT or other viability assays to determine the effective selection concentration.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies with nourseothricin sulfate are limited, as the compound is primarily used as a selection agent in research. However, the compound's antimicrobial activity has been studied in animal models of bacterial infection. Mice infected with bacteria could be treated with nourseothricin via intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injection, and bacterial load in tissues would be assessed. The compound's efficacy and safety in vivo would need to be characterized for therapeutic applications. In plant research, nourseothricin is used to select for transgenic plants, and its effects on plant growth and development are monitored.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of nourseothricin sulfate have not been extensively characterized, as the compound is primarily used as a research tool. As a hydrophilic antibiotic with a high molecular weight, nourseothricin is likely to have poor oral bioavailability and is typically administered parenterally for research applications. The compound is expected to be distributed to extracellular fluids and excreted via the kidneys. Its half-life and clearance would need to be determined experimentally for specific applications. For research use, nourseothricin sulfate is typically stored at -20°C and protected from light.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Nourseothricin sulfate is generally well-tolerated at the concentrations used for selection purposes. However, as an antibiotic, the compound may cause toxicity at higher concentrations. No specific toxicological studies have been reported in the literature. As a research chemical, standard safety precautions should be followed when handling nourseothricin sulfate. The compound may cause skin and eye irritation, and appropriate personal protective equipment should be used. The compound is for research use only and not for human or veterinary applications.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Nourseothricin sulfate is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is widely used as a selection agent in molecular biology and biotechnology. The compound is particularly valuable for the selection of genetically modified cells in organisms where other antibiotics (e.g., ampicillin, kanamycin) are not effective or where resistance markers are not available. Nourseothricin is also used in plant research for the selection of transgenic plants. The antibiotic's unique mechanism of action, distinct from other classes of antibiotics, makes it a useful tool for studying protein synthesis and for the selection of cells with specific genetic modifications. Nourseothricin is available from chemical suppliers for research purposes only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C50H94N20O22S
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| Molecular Weight |
1359.47
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| Exact Mass |
502.249
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| CAS # |
96736-11-7
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| PubChem CID |
131668562
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.9±0.1 g/cm3
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| Index of Refraction |
1.790
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| LogP |
-5.12
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
12
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
15
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
11
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| Heavy Atom Count |
40
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| Complexity |
897
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
9
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| SMILES |
C1[C@H]([C@@H]2[C@@H](C(=O)N1)N=C(N2)N[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O3)CO)OC(=O)N)O)NC(=O)C[C@H](CCCN)N)O.OS(=O)(=O)O
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| InChi Key |
UDVWKDBCMFLRQW-TWRCRAKCSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C19H34N8O8.H2O4S/c20-3-1-2-7(21)4-10(30)24-13-14(31)15(35-18(22)33)9(6-28)34-17(13)27-19-25-11-8(29)5-23-16(32)12(11)26-19;1-5(2,3)4/h7-9,11-15,17,28-29,31H,1-6,20-21H2,(H2,22,33)(H,23,32)(H,24,30)(H2,25,26,27);(H2,1,2,3,4)/t7-,8+,9+,11+,12-,13+,14-,15-,17+;/m0./s1
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| Chemical Name |
[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3aS,7R,7aS)-7-hydroxy-4-oxo-1,3a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydroimidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-2-yl]amino]-5-[[(3S)-3,6-diaminohexanoyl]amino]-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] carbamate;sulfuric acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : 250 mg/mL (183.90 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 100 mg/mL (73.56 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with sonication.
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.7356 mL | 3.6779 mL | 7.3558 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.1471 mL | 0.7356 mL | 1.4712 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0736 mL | 0.3678 mL | 0.7356 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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