| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Na+/K+-ATPase, Beclin 1.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In HepG2 cells, nerifolin (0.1μg/mL; 48 hours) causes apoptosis. The viability of HepG2 cells is reduced by nerifolin (0–8 μg/mL; 72 hours). Additionally, nerifolin causes cell cycle arrests in the S and G2/M phases and promotes HepG2 cell death. Neriifolin stimulation of HepG2 cells resulted in upregulated production of the Fas and FasL proteins as well as the activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9[1].
Neriifolin inhibits Na+/K+-ATPase activity by binding to the alpha-subunit, showing strong competitive inhibition on 3H-ouabain binding. It targets beclin 1 and inhibits LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) formation. The compound induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. It also improves the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). |
| ln Vivo |
In a cat model, after intraduodenal injection, neriifolin absorption was slow but progressive: 31.2% at 4 hours, 33.8% at 6 hours, and 37.1% at 8 hours. After oral administration to rats, absorption was rapid, reaching peak blood levels at 34 minutes, with a bioavailability of 27.1%. Neriifolin improves EAE development in animal models, likely by modulating beclin 1-dependent LAP in immune cells.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Assay: Na+/K+-ATPase malachite green assay. Protocol: Enzyme isolated from tissue is incubated with varying concentrations of neriifolin (0.01-10 uM) and ATP. Malachite green reagent is added to detect released inorganic phosphate. Binding activity is calculated as the concentration needed to inhibit 50% of enzyme activity. Competitive 3H-ouabain binding assays are also used to determine binding affinity.
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| Cell Assay |
Cells: Human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Protocol: HepG2 cells are treated with neriifolin at concentrations ranging from 0.1-10 uM for 24-72 hours. Cell cycle distribution is analyzed by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry. Apoptosis is confirmed by Annexin V/PI staining, caspase-3/7 activity, and PARP cleavage by Western blot. Beclin 1 expression and LC3-II levels are analyzed to assess LAP inhibition.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal Model: Rat EAE model. Protocol: Rats are immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide to induce EAE. Neriifolin is administered daily via intraperitoneal (IP) or oral route at doses of 1-5 mg/kg starting from day 0 post-immunization. Clinical scores are recorded daily. Spinal cords are collected at endpoint for histopathological analysis (inflammation, demyelination) and immunohistochemistry for beclin 1 and LC3.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
In rats after IV administration, the elimination half-life (T1/2beta) of neriifolin is 5 days, and the volume of distribution is 15.3 L/kg, indicating extensive tissue distribution. After oral administration, absorption is rapid and complete with a bioavailability of 27.1%, reaching peak blood levels at 34 minutes. The compound is highly bound to plasma proteins. Major distribution is to the liver.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Neriifolin is a cardiotoxic cardiac glycoside. Overdose can cause cardiac arrhythmias, nausea, vomiting, and neurological symptoms. The therapeutic window is narrow, as Na+/K+-ATPase inhibition leads to increased intracellular calcium and potentially fatal cardiac effects. Careful dosing is required in experimental studies. It is toxic to humans and animals, potentially causing severe and irreversible cardiac and neurological effects.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Neriifolin is a cardiac glycoside, a derivative of digoxigenin, with its 3-hydroxyl group converted to (6-deoxy-3-O-methyl-α-L-glucopyranoside). It is found in the seeds of Cerbera odollam, as well as in the leaves of Thevitia ahouia and Thevitia neriifolia. It has cardiotonic, toxic, and neuroprotective effects. Its function is related to digoxigenin. Neriifolin has been reported in Thevitia ahouia, Cerbera odollam, and other organisms with relevant data.
Neriifolin, also known as 17betaH-neriifolin or thevefolin, is a naturally occurring cardiac glycoside used primarily as a research tool for studying Na+/K+-ATPase biology and its role in cancer and autoimmune diseases. Despite sharing Na+/K+-ATPase as a common primary target, cardiac glycosides exhibit profound pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic heterogeneity. It is not FDA-approved. |
| Molecular Formula |
C30H46O8
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
534.68
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| Exact Mass |
534.319
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| CAS # |
466-07-9
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| PubChem CID |
441867
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| Appearance |
White to yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.274g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
700.079ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
218-225ºC
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| Flash Point |
224.862ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
0mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.581
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| LogP |
3.11
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
38
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| Complexity |
968
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
13
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| SMILES |
C[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@H]2CC[C@]3([C@@H](C2)CC[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CC[C@]5([C@@]4(CC[C@@H]5C6=CC(=O)OC6)O)C)C)O)OC)O
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| InChi Key |
VPUNMTHWNSJUOG-BAOINKAISA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C30H46O8/c1-16-24(32)26(35-4)25(33)27(37-16)38-19-7-10-28(2)18(14-19)5-6-22-21(28)8-11-29(3)20(9-12-30(22,29)34)17-13-23(31)36-15-17/h13,16,18-22,24-27,32-34H,5-12,14-15H2,1-4H3/t16-,18+,19-,20+,21-,22+,24-,25-,26+,27-,28-,29+,30-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
3-[(3S,5R,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-3-[(2R,3S,4R,5S,6S)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-14-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2H-furan-5-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (187.03 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.68 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.68 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.8703 mL | 9.3514 mL | 18.7028 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3741 mL | 1.8703 mL | 3.7406 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1870 mL | 0.9351 mL | 1.8703 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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