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| Targets |
Mequindox targets bacterial DNA synthesis. As a quinoxaline-1,4-di-N-oxide (QdNO) compound, it inhibits DNA synthesis in bacteria, leading to antibacterial activity. The compound is a novel and selective antibacterial agent. It has been used as a feed additive and therapeutic for food-producing animals. However, mequindox causes cancer and genotoxicity in mice, raising safety concerns.
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| ln Vitro |
Mequindox demonstrates in vitro antibacterial activity as an inhibitor of DNA synthesis. The compound is a novel and selective antibacterial agent. Its activity is typically assessed in antimicrobial susceptibility testing against various bacterial strains. As a quinoxaline-1,4-di-N-oxide compound, it has been used in veterinary medicine. However, mequindox causes cancer and genotoxicity in mice.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies for Mequindox have been conducted in the context of veterinary medicine. The compound has been used as a feed additive and therapeutic for food-producing animals since its development in China in the 1980s. Studies in animals have evaluated its efficacy against bacterial infections, pharmacokinetics, and safety. However, mequindox causes cancer and genotoxicity in mice, limiting its use.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For antimicrobial susceptibility testing, Mequindox is evaluated against bacterial strains using standard broth microdilution or agar diffusion methods. Serial dilutions of the compound are prepared in appropriate growth media and inoculated with standardized bacterial suspensions. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values are determined after incubation. For DNA synthesis inhibition assays, bacterial cultures are treated with the compound and incorporation of radiolabeled thymidine is measured.
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| Cell Assay |
For cellular studies, bacterial cultures are grown in appropriate media and treated with Mequindox at various concentrations. Bacterial growth inhibition is assessed by measuring optical density or by colony counting. DNA synthesis inhibition is measured by incorporation of radiolabeled thymidine. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in mammalian cells can be assessed using standard assays. Mequindox causes cancer and genotoxicity in mice.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo studies, appropriate animal models are used to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Mequindox. The compound is administered via oral routes as a feed additive or therapeutic. Efficacy against bacterial infections is evaluated, and safety is assessed by monitoring toxicity and genotoxicity. However, mequindox causes cancer and genotoxicity in mice, limiting its use.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of Mequindox have been characterized in veterinary studies. The compound has a molecular formula of C11H10N2O3 and a molecular weight of 218. It is soluble in chloroform, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, DMSO, and acetone. It should be stored desiccated at -20°C. Purity is >98%. The compound is a quinoxaline-1,4-di-N-oxide.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Mequindox is a research compound that has been used in veterinary medicine but is not approved for human therapeutic use. As a quinoxaline-1,4-di-N-oxide antibacterial agent, it inhibits DNA synthesis. However, mequindox causes cancer and genotoxicity in mice, raising safety concerns. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling this compound. Storage desiccated at -20°C is recommended.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Mequindox is a synthetic antibacterial agent belonging to the quinoxaline-1,4-di-N-oxide class with molecular formula C11H10N2O3 and molecular weight 218. It acts as an inhibitor of DNA synthesis and has been used as a feed additive and therapeutic for food-producing animals. However, mequindox causes cancer and genotoxicity in mice. It is for research use only and has not been approved for clinical applications. Purity >98% and storage desiccated at -20°C is recommended.
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| Molecular Formula |
C11H10N2O3
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| Molecular Weight |
218.21
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| Exact Mass |
218.069
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| CAS # |
13297-17-1
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| PubChem CID |
404291
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| Appearance |
Solid powder
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
457.3±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
230.4±31.5 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.1 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.627
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| LogP |
-0.9
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
16
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| Complexity |
375
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
CUJMCPPBTUATEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C11H10N2O3/c1-7-11(8(2)14)13(16)10-6-4-3-5-9(10)12(7)15/h3-6H,1-2H3
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| Chemical Name |
1-(3-methyl-4-oxido-1-oxoquinoxalin-1-ium-2-yl)ethanone
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| Synonyms |
Mequindox
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~458.3 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (11.46 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (11.46 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (11.46 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.5827 mL | 22.9137 mL | 45.8274 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.9165 mL | 4.5827 mL | 9.1655 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4583 mL | 2.2914 mL | 4.5827 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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