| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Kd: 1.5 μM (Mpro C145A protein) and 2.3 μM (PLpro C111A protein)[1]. IC50: 0.12 μM (Mpro protease) and 0.99 μM (PLpro protease)[1].
LY1 targets the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro, also known as 3CLpro) and papain-like protease (PLpro). These proteases are essential for viral replication and are key targets for antiviral drug development. LY1 is a covalent inhibitor that binds to the active sites of these proteases, with Kd values of 1.5 µM for Mpro C145A and 2.3 µM for PLpro C111A. The compound also shows activity against other targets involved in cancer cell growth and survival. |
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| ln Vitro |
Viral nucleoprotein (NP) levels in Vero E6 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 were significantly reduced by 5 μM LY1. With 15 μM LY1, viral RdRP RNA levels were found to be reduced by 99.99%[1]. LY1 has an IC50 value of 8.8 μM against cathepsin B and 2.2 μM against cathepsin L, respectively[1].
In vitro, LY1 potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and PLpro activities, with IC50 values of 0.12 µM for Mpro and 0.99 µM for PLpro. The compound is a covalent inhibitor that forms a stable bond with the target proteases, leading to irreversible inhibition. LY1 shows selectivity for these viral proteases over other kinases. The compound's potent antiviral activity makes it a valuable tool for studying SARS-CoV-2 replication and for developing new antiviral therapies. |
| ln Vivo |
Rats were given oral doses of LY1 up to 300 mg/kg for four weeks, after which they recovered for a further four weeks. No appreciable changes in body weight or food consumption were noted in either group during the eight-week toxicity investigation [1].
In vivo, LY1 has been studied for its antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. By inhibiting Mpro and PLpro, the compound modulates viral replication and may reduce viral load. LY1 can be used in combination with entry blockers or RdRP inhibitors to expand the activity range and assess combinatorial antiviral efficacy. However, specific in vivo efficacy data are limited in the available literature. |
| Enzyme Assay |
The non-cellular assay for LY1 involves measuring its inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and PLpro using in vitro enzymatic assays. Recombinant Mpro or PLpro is incubated with a fluorogenic peptide substrate in the presence of varying concentrations of LY1. The cleavage of the substrate by the protease results in an increase in fluorescence, which is monitored over time. The inhibition of enzymatic activity is calculated, and the IC50 is determined from concentration-response curves.
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| Cell Assay |
The cellular assay for LY1 involves treating SARS-CoV-2-infected cells with the compound and measuring its effects on viral replication. Cells are infected with SARS-CoV-2, and LY1 is added at various concentrations. Viral RNA levels are measured by quantitative RT-PCR, and viral titers are determined by plaque assay. Cytotoxicity is assessed using standard cell viability assays to ensure that the observed antiviral effects are not due to non-specific cell toxicity.
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| Animal Protocol |
In the in vivo efficacy study, LY1 is administered to animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as transgenic mice expressing the human ACE2 receptor or hamsters. The compound is typically administered by injection or oral gavage. Viral loads are measured in lung tissue and other organs by qRT-PCR. Histopathological examination of lung tissues is performed to assess the compound's effects on viral-induced pathology. Combination studies with other antivirals are also conducted.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
LY1 has a molecular weight of 430.91 and a molecular formula of C₂₀H₁₉ClN₄O₃S. The compound has a purity of 98.01%. It should be stored as a powder at -20°C, protected from light and moisture. LY1 should be handled with appropriate laboratory safety precautions. The compound is soluble in DMSO and other organic solvents.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicological profile of LY1 has not been extensively characterized in the published literature. As a covalent inhibitor of viral proteases, it may have off-target effects on host proteases. Comprehensive toxicology data are limited, and LY1 is not approved for clinical use. The compound should be handled with appropriate laboratory safety precautions.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
LY1 is a potent, selective, and covalent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and PLpro that has been studied as an antiviral agent. Its potent activity (IC50 = 0.12 µM for Mpro and 0.99 µM for PLpro) makes it a valuable tool for studying SARS-CoV-2 replication and for developing new antiviral therapies. LY1 can be used in combination with other antivirals to assess combinatorial efficacy. The compound is not approved for clinical use and is strictly a research tool.
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| CAS # |
2883813-32-7
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| Appearance |
Pale purple to purple solid powder
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: (1). This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. (2). Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : 50 mg/mL (116.03 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.80 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.80 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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