| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
HSF1
Eupalinolide A targets the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) signaling axis. It functions by inhibiting the interaction between HSF1 and HSP90, which leads to the activation of HSF1. This activation subsequently induces the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs), particularly HSP70. The compound's primary mechanism is thus the induction of the cellular chaperone response through the HSP90-HSF1 pathway, contributing to its cytoprotective and stress-modulating effects. |
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Eupalinolide A exhibits notable cellular chaperone-inducing activity. In B16 mouse melanoma cells, it induces the expression and increases the protein levels of HSP70 at concentrations of 5, 7.5, and 10 µg/mL. This is achieved by activating HSF1. Research also suggests it can inhibit NF-κB signaling and suppress tumor growth by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in cancer cells. These in vitro activities highlight its potential for both cytoprotective and anticancer applications.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies for Eupalinolide A are not extensively detailed in the provided literature. However, its mechanism of inducing HSP70 expression suggests it could offer cytoprotective effects in vivo by mitigating stressor-induced apoptosis. The compound's potential to inhibit tumor growth, as suggested by in vitro data, supports further investigation in animal models of cancer. Its ability to modulate immune responses also indicates potential for therapeutic development in inflammatory disorders, but definitive in vivo efficacy data is limited.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For non-cellular enzyme/receptor binding studies, the primary assay involves investigating the interaction between HSF1 and HSP90. These assays, such as co-immunoprecipitation or surface plasmon resonance (SPR), are used to confirm that Eupalinolide A disrupts the HSF1-HSP90 complex. By inhibiting this protein-protein interaction, the compound activates HSF1, leading to downstream effects. This mechanism is a key focus for understanding its chaperone-inducing activity.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cellular experiments, cell lines such as B16 mouse melanoma cells are cultured and treated with Eupalinolide A at various concentrations. The primary readout is the induction of HSP70 expression, which is measured by Western blot or ELISA. To assess its anticancer effects, cancer cell lines are treated with the compound, and cell viability is measured using assays such as MTT to determine its antiproliferative effects. Apoptosis is assessed via caspase-3/7 activity or Annexin V staining, and cell cycle analysis is performed using flow cytometry.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal studies, tumor xenograft models are typically used to evaluate the anticancer potential of Eupalinolide A. The compound would be administered to mice bearing tumors via an appropriate route, such as intraperitoneal injection. Tumor volume would be measured regularly using calipers to assess tumor growth suppression. At the end of the study, tumors would be harvested for histopathological analysis and to evaluate biomarkers like apoptosis and HSP70 expression. The compound's anti-inflammatory effects could also be assessed in models of inflammation.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of Eupalinolide A are not fully detailed in the provided literature. It has a molecular weight of 462.49. In vitro, it is soluble in DMSO at 100 mg/mL (216.22 mM). For in vivo administration, it can be formulated in a solution of 10% DMSO, 40% PEG300, 5% Tween-80, and 45% saline, achieving a solubility of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL. The compound should be stored at 4°C, protected from light. Long-term storage in solvent is recommended at -80°C for 6 months or -20°C for 1 month.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of Eupalinolide A is not explicitly detailed in the provided sources. As a naturally occurring compound with potential therapeutic applications, its safety is likely under investigation. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling this compound. While its ability to induce cytoprotective HSP70 suggests it may have a favorable safety profile, comprehensive toxicological studies, including acute and chronic toxicity assessments, are necessary to fully evaluate its safety for potential clinical use.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Reports indicate that Eupalinolide A has been discovered in Eupatorium lindleyanum, and relevant data is available for reference.
Eupalinolide A is a sesquiterpene lactone from Eupatorium lindleyanum with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. It induces HSP70 expression by activating HSF1 through inhibition of the HSF1-HSP90 interaction. This chaperone-inducing activity provides cytoprotective effects, while its ability to inhibit NF-κB signaling and induce apoptosis suggests anticancer potential. It is a research compound not approved for clinical use. |
| Molecular Formula |
C24H30O9
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
462.49
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| Exact Mass |
462.188
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| CAS # |
877822-40-7
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| PubChem CID |
71463992
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.24±0.1 g/cm3 (20 ºC 760 Torr)
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| Boiling Point |
618.6±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
205.4±25.0 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±4.1 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.541
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| LogP |
2.5
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
9
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
9
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| Heavy Atom Count |
33
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| Complexity |
909
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
4
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| SMILES |
C/C/1=C\[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](C/C(=C/C[C@@H]1OC(=O)C)/COC(=O)C)OC(=O)/C(=C/CO)/C)C(=C)C(=O)O2
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| InChi Key |
HPWMABTYJYZFLK-FHEQDPKSSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C24H30O9/c1-13(8-9-25)23(28)32-21-11-18(12-30-16(4)26)6-7-19(31-17(5)27)14(2)10-20-22(21)15(3)24(29)33-20/h6,8,10,19-22,25H,3,7,9,11-12H2,1-2,4-5H3/b13-8+,14-10+,18-6-/t19-,20+,21+,22-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
[(3aR,4R,6Z,9S,10E,11aR)-9-acetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)-10-methyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-4-yl] (E)-4-hydroxy-2-methylbut-2-enoate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (216.22 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.41 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.41 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.1622 mL | 10.8110 mL | 21.6221 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4324 mL | 2.1622 mL | 4.3244 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2162 mL | 1.0811 mL | 2.1622 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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