| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Not defined. The specific molecular target of Damulin B has not been identified. It is a natural product saponin believed to modulate cellular signaling pathways involved in oxidative stress and immune responses. It may interact with cell membranes or specific receptors to induce apoptosis and exert its anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. It is a saponin compound found in Gynostemma pentaphylla. Damulin B can cause apoptosis and has anti-neoplastic activity in vitro.
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| ln Vitro |
Damulin B can induce cell apoptosis and has anti-cancer activities in vitro. It is a dammarane-type saponin found in Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Damulin B can induce cell apoptosis and has anti-cancer activities in vitro. Specific IC50 values against cancer cell lines are not provided in the search results. It also exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective activities. It is a dammarane-type saponin found in Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Damulin B can induce cell apoptosis and has anti-cancer activities in vitro.
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| ln Vivo |
No specific in vivo data has been reported. As a natural product with anti-cancer and neuroprotective activities, Damulin B would be evaluated in animal models of cancer (e.g., tumor xenografts) or neurodegenerative disease (e.g., mouse models of Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease). Efficacy endpoints would include tumor growth inhibition, cognitive performance, and neuroinflammation markers. It is believed to modulate cellular signaling pathways, including those involved in oxidative stress and immune responses.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Not applicable as the target is not defined. To study its potential anti-cancer mechanism, a cell-free assay could be used to assess its effect on specific enzymes or pathways, but no validated biochemical target has been established. For general screening, the compound can be tested for its ability to scavenge free radicals (DPPH assay) or inhibit enzyme activities such as acetylcholinesterase, but these are not specific target-binding assays.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro anti-cancer studies, human cancer cell lines (e.g., HeLa, MCF-7, A549) are seeded in 96-well plates (5×103 cells/well) and treated with Damulin B at concentrations ranging from 1-100 uM for 48-72 hours. Cell viability is assessed by MTT or SRB assay. Apoptosis is confirmed by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and flow cytometry, and by measuring caspase-3/7 activity. Cell cycle distribution is analyzed by propidium iodide staining. To assess anti-inflammatory activity, BV-2 microglial cells are treated with LPS (1 ug/mL) to induce inflammation, and Damulin B (1-50 uM) is co-incubated. Nitric oxide levels are measured by Griess reaction, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha) are measured by ELISA.
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| Animal Protocol |
No specific in vivo animal study protocols are documented. A typical protocol for a natural product with anti-cancer activity would involve establishing subcutaneous tumor xenografts of human cancer cells in immunodeficient mice (e.g., nude mice). When tumors reach 50-100 mm3, Damulin B would be administered via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection at doses of 10-50 mg/kg, daily or every other day, for 2-4 weeks. Tumor volume would be measured every 2-3 days. At the end of the study, tumors would be excised, weighed, and analyzed for markers of apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3) and proliferation (Ki67). Body weight would be monitored for signs of toxicity.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
No pharmacokinetic data has been reported. As a saponin with a high molecular weight (783.0 g/mol), Damulin B is likely poorly absorbed orally due to its poor membrane permeability. It may be metabolized by gut microbiota to its aglycone, which could then be absorbed. Its half-life and tissue distribution have not been characterized.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No toxicity data has been reported. As a natural product saponin, it is generally considered to have low toxicity at moderate doses. However, saponins can cause hemolysis by interacting with cell membranes, and they may cause gastrointestinal irritation. Standard safety precautions should be used when handling. The compound is for research use only.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Damulin B is a dammarane-type saponin found in the herb Gynostemma pentaphyllum (jiaogulan). The compound has the molecular formula C42H70O13 and a molecular weight of 783.0. It is a white to off-white solid powder soluble in DMSO and acetone. The compound is stored desiccated at -20degC. It is used in research on cancer, inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases, but it is not approved for clinical use.
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| Molecular Formula |
C42H70O13
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
782.997
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| Exact Mass |
782.481
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| CAS # |
1202868-75-4
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| PubChem CID |
57390324
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
4.5
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
9
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
13
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
10
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| Heavy Atom Count |
55
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| Complexity |
1400
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
20
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| SMILES |
O1[C@@H](OC2[C@H](O[C@H]3[C@H](O)C[C@@]4([C@H]5C[C@@H](O)[C@@H]6[C@H](CC[C@@]6(C)[C@@]5(CC[C@H]4C3(C)C)C)C(=C)CC/C=C(/C)\C)C)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1CO
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| InChi Key |
YHVZKDRAJHNHJX-UDBICBSZSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C42H70O13/c1-20(2)10-9-11-21(3)22-12-14-42(8)29(22)23(45)16-28-40(6)17-24(46)36(39(4,5)27(40)13-15-41(28,42)7)55-38-35(33(50)31(48)26(19-44)53-38)54-37-34(51)32(49)30(47)25(18-43)52-37/h10,22-38,43-51H,3,9,11-19H2,1-2,4-8H3/t22-,23-,24-,25-,26-,27+,28-,29+,30-,31-,32+,33+,34-,35-,36+,37+,38+,40+,41-,42-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(2R,3R,5R,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R,17S)-2,12-dihydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-(6-methylhepta-1,5-dien-2-yl)-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ≥ 50 mg/mL (~63.86 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (1.60 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 12.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: 1.25 mg/mL (1.60 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 12.5 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (1.60 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.2771 mL | 6.3857 mL | 12.7714 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2554 mL | 1.2771 mL | 2.5543 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1277 mL | 0.6386 mL | 1.2771 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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