| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| ln Vivo |
- Weight‑loaded swimming capacity: Male Balb/c mice received (9Z,12Z)-N-Benzyloctadeca-9,12-dienamide at 40 mg/kg (high dose) intragastrically for 21 days. The exhaustive swimming time (with 5% body weight lead block attached to the tail) was prolonged compared to the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. No significant change was observed at the low dose (12 mg/kg).[1]
- Serum biochemical parameters and liver glycogen: High‑dose (9Z,12Z)-N-Benzyloctadeca-9,12-dienamide (40 mg/kg) significantly decreased serum lactic acid (LD) to 4.82 ± 0.59 mmol/L (control: 5.38 ± 0.50, p<0.05) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity to 2785.25 ± 357.2 U/L (control: 3182.35 ± 290.11, p<0.05). It also significantly increased non‑esterified fatty acid (NEFA) to 896.43 ± 77.41 μmol/L (control: 823.11 ± 80.97, p<0.05). No significant changes were observed in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), blood ammonia (BA), glucose, or liver glycogen (LG). The low dose (12 mg/kg) did not produce significant effects on these parameters except a trend.[1] - Antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation: High‑dose (9Z,12Z)-N-Benzyloctadeca-9,12-dienamide (40 mg/kg) significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content in brain (2.58 ± 0.52 nmol/mg protein vs. control 3.20 ± 0.74, p<0.05) and in muscle (2.39 ± 0.32 nmol/mg protein vs. control 2.83 ± 0.26, p<0.05); in liver, MDA was decreased but not significantly. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly increased in brain (207.49 ± 20.46 U/mg protein vs. control 180.71 ± 30.31, p<0.05), muscle (60.29 ± 9.20 vs. control 47.29 ± 9.21, p<0.05), and liver (142.72 ± 27.18 vs. control 110.75 ± 28.68, p<0.05). Glutathione peroxidase (GSH‑PX) activity was significantly increased in brain (45.35 ± 11.44 U/mg protein vs. control 33.23 ± 10.11, p<0.05), muscle (11.13 ± 1.07 vs. control 8.47 ± 0.97, p<0.05), and liver (176.84 ± 19.34 vs. control 152.60 ± 28.66, p<0.05). The low dose (12 mg/kg) only significantly increased brain SOD and GSH‑PX, with no significant effects on other tissues.[1] |
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| Enzyme Assay |
- Measurement of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‑PX) activities in tissues: After the final 90‑min swimming without load, mice were sacrificed. Brain, liver, and left gastrocnemius muscle were rapidly dissected, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at −80 °C. Each tissue was homogenised in ice‑cold normal saline. The homogenates were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min at 4 °C. The supernatants were used for enzyme activity assays. LDH activity in serum was measured using a commercially available colorimetric kit. SOD activity was determined by the xanthine oxidase method; one unit of SOD was defined as the amount of enzyme causing 50% inhibition of superoxide anion free radicals produced by the xanthine oxidase reaction system per mL of reaction liquid per mg protein. GSH‑PX activity was measured by following the reduction of glutathione (GSH) concentration; one unit was expressed as 1 μmol/L GSH reduction per minute per mg protein, excluding non‑enzymatic reactions. All procedures followed the kit manufacturer’s instructions.[1]
- Measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) content: The same tissue homogenates (brain, muscle, liver) were used. MDA, a product of lipid peroxidation, was determined using a commercially available thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method. The results were expressed as nmol MDA per mg protein.[1] |
| Animal Protocol |
- Animals and housing: Five‑week‑old male Balb/c mice were housed under a 12‑h light/dark cycle at 23 ± 1 °C with free access to distilled water and rodent chow. After 5 days of adaptation, mice were allowed to swim for 10 min; those unable to swim were excluded. Mice were then randomly divided into seven groups (n = 10 per group) based on similar body weight.[1]
- Dosing and treatment: (9Z,12Z)-N-Benzyloctadeca-9,12-dienamide was suspended in a 1% aqueous solution of Tween‑80. Two dose levels were used: low dose (12 mg/kg) and high dose (40 mg/kg). The compound or vehicle (control group) was administered intragastrically once daily for 21 consecutive days at a volume of 0.2 mL per 10 g body weight.[1] - Weight‑loaded swimming test: On day 14, 30 min after oral administration, each mouse was individually placed into an acrylic plastic pool (80 cm × 45 cm × 40 cm) containing fresh water at 27 ± 1 °C, depth about 35 cm. A lead block weighing approximately 5% of the mouse’s body weight was attached to the tail. The swimming time to exhaustion (inability to keep the nose above water for 10 s) was recorded.[1] - Sample collection after 90‑min swimming: On day 21, 30 min after the final dosing, each mouse was subjected to 90 min of swimming without load (based on a preliminary fatigue‑inducing protocol). Immediately after swimming, mice were anaesthetised with ethyl carbamate, and blood was collected from the retrobulbar vessels. Blood samples were cooled at 4 °C for 0.5 h, then centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 10 min at 4 °C to obtain serum, which was stored at −80 °C. The brain, liver, and left gastrocnemius muscle were quickly dissected, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and kept at −80 °C for biochemical analyses.[1] |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
- Body weight changes: Body weights were recorded before the experiment (initial) and on day 14 (final). No significant difference in body weight was observed between the control group and any (9Z,12Z)-N-Benzyloctadeca-9,12-dienamide‑treated group. The increase in body weight in the high‑dose group (40 mg/kg) was slightly lower than that of the control (2.7 ± 1.1 g vs. 3.1 ± 1.0 g), but the difference was not statistically significant. No overt signs of toxicity or mortality were reported.[1]
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
It has been reported that sunflowers (Heliopsis helianthoides) and shepherd's purse (Lepidium meyenii) contain N-benzyloleamide, and relevant data is available. See also: Root (part) of shepherd's purse (Lepidium meyenii).
- Background: Macamides, including (9Z,12Z)-N-Benzyloctadeca-9,12-dienamide, are lipid‑soluble markers of maca (Lepidium meyenii). Previous studies showed that a lipid‑soluble extract from maca improved swimming endurance. The petroleum ether extract of maca (MPE) contained approximately 20% macamides, of which (9Z,12Z)-N-Benzyloctadeca-9,12-dienamide accounted for 4.22%.[1] - Proposed anti‑fatigue mechanism: (9Z,12Z)-N-Benzyloctadeca-9,12-dienamide (40 mg/kg) was found to improve endurance capacity by modulating energy metabolism – increasing fatty acid metabolism (elevated NEFA), decreasing glycogen utilisation (trend of lower LD), and promoting rapid removal of metabolic products (lower LD and LDH). It also reduced exercise‑induced oxidative stress by lowering MDA and raising SOD/GSH‑PX activities in brain, muscle, and liver, thereby protecting against lipid peroxidation. Although not significant, it decreased blood ammonia (BA) slightly, which may help attenuate central nervous system fatigue.[1] |
| Molecular Formula |
C25H39NO
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
369.5833
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| Exact Mass |
369.303
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| CAS # |
18286-71-0
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| PubChem CID |
68742556
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid
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| Density |
0.933±0.06 g/cm3
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| LogP |
7.507
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
1
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
16
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| Heavy Atom Count |
27
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| Complexity |
393
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O=C(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])/C(/[H])=C(/[H])\C([H])([H])/C(/[H])=C(/[H])\C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H])N([H])C([H])([H])C1C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C=1[H]
|
| InChi Key |
YJWLCIANOBCQGW-HZJYTTRNSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C25H39NO/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-19-22-25(27)26-23-24-20-17-16-18-21-24/h6-7,9-10,16-18,20-21H,2-5,8,11-15,19,22-23H2,1H3,(H,26,27)/b7-6-,10-9-
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| Chemical Name |
(9Z,12Z)-N-Benzyloctadeca-9,12-dienamide
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| Synonyms |
N-Benzyllinoleamide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~270.58 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 2.5 mg/mL (6.76 mM) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with sonication.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: 2.5 mg/mL (6.76 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.76 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.7058 mL | 13.5289 mL | 27.0577 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5412 mL | 2.7058 mL | 5.4115 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2706 mL | 1.3529 mL | 2.7058 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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