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| 25g |
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Purity: ≥98%
| ln Vitro |
At a concentration of 2 mM, the HDAC inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) stops the growth of NSCLC cell lines. Phenylbutyric acid and ciglitazone together can improve cancer cell growth inhibition [1]. 4-ASFV infection is inhibited by phenylbutyric acid (0–5 mM) in a dose-dependent manner. In addition to preventing ASFV-induced H3K9/K14 hypoacetylation, benzoenebutyric acid also suppresses late protein synthesis. Together, phenylbutyric acid and enrofloxacin prevent ASFV replication [2]. When bafilomycin A1 was added, LC3II accumulated; however, 4-phenylbutyric acid dramatically decreased this accumulation. Phenylbutyric acid counteracted the 48-hour decline in p62 levels caused by LPS stimulation. After 48 hours, the percentage of AVO cells induced by LPS rose, whereas 4-phenylbutyric acid markedly reduced this percentage. Particularly, following treatment with phenylbutyric acid, the proportion of cells exhibiting AVO dropped from 61.6% to 53.1%, indicating that 4-phenylbutyric acid suppresses autophagy induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The positive control for autophagy inhibition employed in this study was bafilomycin A1. The percentage of LPS-induced AVO cells was decreased by bafilomycin A1 treatment. In ATG7 knockdown, there was no phenylbutyric acid treatment-induced decrease in OC area or fusion index. Phenylbutyric acid's inhibitory effect on LPS-induced effects is totally eliminated when NF-κB is inhibited using BAY 11-7082 and JSH23, which also lowers LC3 II levels following LPS stimulation [3].
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| ln Vivo |
LPS significantly decreased bone volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb. Th), and bone mineral density (BMD) as compared to PBS alone. Trabecular space (Tb. Sp.) increased. LPS-induced bone loss is decreased by 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA). 4-BMD, BV/TV, and Tb. Th were all elevated after phenylbutyric acid treatment. besides decreasing the rise in Tb in comparison to LPS alone. Sp., but when phenylbutyric acid was administered to mice alone, no alterations were seen. Phenylbutyric acid treatment of LPS-treated mice also resulted in a considerable decrease in OC.S/BS as measured by TRAP staining. However, OC.N/BS tended to decline in mice treated with LPS and phenylbutyric acid, albeit not in a statistically significant way. According to these findings, phenylbutyric acid causes OC in LPS-treated mice to shrink in size as opposed to increasing in number. In line with these results, phenylbutyric acid therapy of LPS-injected mice resulted in a decrease in blood CTX-1, a marker of bone resorption in vivo that was enhanced by LPS treatment. In contrast to LPS alone, phenylbutyric acid therapy did not substantially alter serum levels of osteocalcin and ALP, two indicators of bone formation in vivo. Moreover, phenylbutyric acid can lessen the rise in serum MCP-1 that is brought on by LPS, suggesting that it can lessen systemic inflammation brought on by LPS [3].
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| References |
[1]. Chang TH, et al. Enhanced growth inhibition by combination differentiation therapy with ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and inhibitors of histone deacetylase in adenocarcinoma of the lung. Clin Cancer Res. 2002 Apr;8(4):1206-12
[2]. Frouco G, et, al. Sodium phenylbutyrate abrogates African swine fever virus replication by disrupting the virus-induced hypoacetylation status of histone H3K9/K14. Virus Res. 2017 Oct 15;242:24-29. [3]. Park HJ, et al. 4-Phenylbutyric acid protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced bone loss by modulating autophagy in osteoclasts. Biochem Pharmacol. 2018 May;151:9-17 |
| Molecular Formula |
C10H12O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
164.2
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| Exact Mass |
164.0837
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| CAS # |
1821-12-1
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| Related CAS # |
Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate;1716-12-7;4-Phenylbutyric acid-d11;358730-86-6;4-Phenylbutyric acid-d5;64138-52-9;4-Phenylbutyric acid-d2;461391-24-2
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| SMILES |
O=C(O)CCCC1=CC=CC=C1
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| Chemical Name |
4-Phenylbutyric acid
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| Synonyms |
4-Phenylbutyric acid AI3 12065 AI312065AI3-12065
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~609.01 mM)
H2O : ~2 mg/mL (~12.18 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (15.23 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (15.23 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (15.23 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 33.33 mg/mL (202.98 mM) in 20% HP-β-CD in Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.0901 mL | 30.4507 mL | 60.9013 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.2180 mL | 6.0901 mL | 12.1803 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6090 mL | 3.0451 mL | 6.0901 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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