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Purity: ≥98%
4-Hydroxynonenal, an α,β unsaturated hydroxyalkenal, is a novel and potent inhibitor of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) widely used as a marker of lipid peroxidation/oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarke. It is a lipid peroxidation product derived from oxidized ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. It can modulate various signaling pathways via forming covalent adducts with nucleophilic functional groups in proteins, nucleic acids, and membrane lipids. It also plays an important role in cancer via mitochondria.
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| ln Vitro |
In addition to being an inhibitor of ALDH2, 4-hydroxynonenal is also a substrate for ALDH2; at low concentrations, the inhibition of ALDH2 by 4-hydroxynonenal is reversible, but becomes irreversible above 10 μM. 4-To control its own synthesis and improve cellular defenses against oxidative stress, 4-hydroxynonenal can trigger antioxidant defense mechanisms[1]. 4-The byproduct of lipid peroxidation, 4-hydroxynonenal, is genotoxic and mutagenic to bacteria, viruses, and mammalian cells. All four DNA bases are reacted with, but to varying degrees of efficiency: G > C > A > T. The most reliable biomarker of 4-Hydroxynonenal's genotoxic effects is 4-Hydroxynonenal-dG, and these adducts are mostly identified in nucleus DNA. The p53 mutation caused by 4-hydroxynonenal-dG is a well-known illustration of the etiological significance of 4-hydroxynonenal-dG in human malignancies. 4-Hydroxynonenal-dG adducts were shown to form preferentially at codon 249's third base in the p53 gene. This resulted in gene mutation and altered a number of biological processes, such as differentiation, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and DNA repair[1].
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| ln Vivo |
The expression levels of NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) are measured in mouse brain tissue 24 hours after fluid percussion injury (FPI). Both wild-type (Nrf2+/+) and Nrf2-deficient (Nrf2-/-) mice exhibit increased expression of 4-Hydroxynonenal following 15 psi injury (moderate injury) in comparison to uninjured Nrf2+/+ and Nrf2-/- mice. Comparing Nrf2-/-KO mice to correspondingly damaged and uninjured Nrf2+/+ WT animals, the expression level of 4-hydroxynonenal is much higher in these animals, in line with the iNOS result[2].
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| References |
[1]. Zhong H, et al. Role of lipid peroxidation derived 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) in cancer: focusing on mitochondria. Redox Biol. 2015;4:193-9.
[2]. Csala M, et al. On the role of 4-hydroxynonenal in health and disease. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015 May;1852(5):826-38. [3]. Bhowmick S, et al. Traumatic brain injury-induced downregulation of Nrf2 activates inflammatory response and apoptotic cell death. J Mol Med (Berl). 2019 Nov 22. |
| Molecular Formula |
C₉H₁₆O₂
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| Molecular Weight |
156.22
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| CAS # |
75899-68-2
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| Related CAS # |
4-Hydroxynonenal-d3;148706-06-3
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| Appearance |
Liquid
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| SMILES |
CCCCCC(O)/C=C/C=O
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| InChi Key |
InChI=1S/C9H16O2/c1-2-3-4-6-9(11)7-5-8-10/h5,7-9,11H,2-4,6H2,1H3/b7-5+
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H16O2/c1-2-3-4-6-9(11)7-5-8-10/h5,7-9,11H,2-4,6H2,1H3/b7-5+
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| Chemical Name |
4-hydroxy-2E-nonenal
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| Synonyms |
4 Hydroxynonenal HNE
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~640.12 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.00 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (13.31 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (13.31 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.4012 mL | 32.0061 mL | 64.0123 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.2802 mL | 6.4012 mL | 12.8025 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6401 mL | 3.2006 mL | 6.4012 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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