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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| Targets |
4-Hydroxymephenytoin is a metabolite of mephenytoin produced by CYP2C19. As a CYP2C19-mediated metabolite, it serves as a marker for CYP2C19 enzyme activity. The compound is used to evaluate CYP probe compounds and their related metabolites in human urine or plasma samples. Its formation reflects CYP2C19 activity in the liver.
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| ln Vitro |
4-Hydroxymephenytoin is a highly potent derivative of mephenytoin, an antifungal medication and CYP2C19 substrate [1]. 4- Hydroxymephenytoin can be utilized to create ultrachromatographic (UPLC) flow chart assays for the evaluation of related excipients and CYP probe drugs in human or extracted samples [2].
In vitro, 4-Hydroxymephenytoin is used as a standard for evaluating CYP2C19 activity. It is employed in the development of UPLC-MS/MS methods for the assessment of CYP probe compounds and their metabolites in human samples. The compound is a highly potent derivative of mephenytoin. Its analytical utility has been characterized in various in vitro systems. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, 4-Hydroxymephenytoin is a primary metabolite of mephenytoin formed by CYP2C19. It is found in human urine and plasma. The compound is used as a probe for CYP2C19 phenotyping in clinical studies. Its levels reflect CYP2C19 activity in individuals. Further in vivo studies have evaluated its utility as a biomarker for CYP2C19 activity.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for 4-Hydroxymephenytoin involve measuring CYP2C19 activity by monitoring the formation of 4-hydroxymephenytoin from mephenytoin. Microsomal preparations or recombinant CYP2C19 enzymes are incubated with mephenytoin, and 4-hydroxymephenytoin formation is measured by HPLC or LC-MS. For analytical method development, the compound is used as a reference standard. Assays are performed in appropriate buffer systems with positive controls.
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| Cell Assay |
4-Hydroxymephenytoin cell-based assays are conducted in hepatocytes or cells expressing CYP2C19. Cells are cultured in appropriate media and treated with mephenytoin. 4-Hydroxymephenytoin formation in cell culture media is measured by LC-MS. CYP2C19 activity is assessed by measuring metabolite formation. Cell viability is assessed by standard assays. Experiments are performed in triplicate with appropriate positive and negative controls.
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| Animal Protocol |
4-Hydroxymephenytoin in vivo studies are conducted in human subjects or animal models for CYP2C19 phenotyping. Subjects or animals are administered mephenytoin, and 4-hydroxymephenytoin levels in urine or plasma are measured by LC-MS. The ratio of 4-hydroxymephenytoin to mephenytoin is used to assess CYP2C19 activity. Animals are monitored for clinical signs. Blood and urine samples are collected for analysis. Studies are conducted in accordance with institutional guidelines.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
4-Hydroxymephenytoin (MW 218.25 g/mol, C12H14N2O2) has a purity of >95%. It is a CYP2C19-mediated metabolite of mephenytoin. The compound is soluble in DMSO and other organic solvents. It is stable under recommended storage conditions. 4-Hydroxymephenytoin is used as an analytical standard for CYP2C19 phenotyping and UPLC method development. Pharmacokinetic properties would be determined in species-specific studies.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
4-Hydroxymephenytoin is generally well-tolerated as a metabolite. The compound is a primary metabolite of mephenytoin formed by CYP2C19. No significant adverse effects have been reported in the available literature at research-use concentrations. The compound is intended for research use only. Standard safety precautions should be followed when handling. Comprehensive toxicological evaluation would be required for therapeutic development.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Hydroxymephenytoin is an imidazolidin-2,4-dione.
4-Hydroxymephenytoin is the primary 4′-hydroxylated metabolite of the anticonvulsant drug mephenytoin, formed via CYP2C19 in the liver. It is used as a marker for CYP2C19 enzyme activity and in the development of UPLC-MS/MS methods for evaluating CYP probe compounds in human samples. Its molecular formula is C12H14N2O2 with a molecular weight of 218.25 g/mol.All applications are limited to non-human research use. |
| Molecular Formula |
C12H14N2O3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
234.25116
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| Exact Mass |
234.1
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| CAS # |
61837-65-8
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| Related CAS # |
4-Hydroxymephenytoin-d3;1173022-56-4
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| PubChem CID |
119507
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Melting Point |
153-154ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.568
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| LogP |
0.66
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
17
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| Complexity |
337
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
OQPLORUDZLXXPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C12H14N2O3/c1-3-12(8-4-6-9(15)7-5-8)10(16)14(2)11(17)13-12/h4-7,15H,3H2,1-2H3,(H,13,17)
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| Chemical Name |
5-ethyl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methylimidazolidine-2,4-dione
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~426.89 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (10.67 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (10.67 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (10.67 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.2689 mL | 21.3447 mL | 42.6894 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8538 mL | 4.2689 mL | 8.5379 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4269 mL | 2.1345 mL | 4.2689 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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