| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
HIV Human Endogenous Metabolite
2-Hydroxycinnamic acid targets multiple biological pathways and enzymes. It inhibits Cyclin D1-cyclin-dependent kinase 4, albeit with less than 10% inhibition. The compound also acts as an inhibitor of mushroom tyrosinase with an IC50 of 670 µM and inhibits multiple human carbonic anhydrase isoforms, with Ki values of 3.1 µM for CA1 and 9.2 µM for CA2. It exhibits inhibitory effects on HIV/SARS-CoV S pseudovirus infection. Additionally, it functions as an antibacterial agent with efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus. |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
2-Hydroxycinnamic acid demonstrates potent antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and is not susceptible to drug resistance mechanisms. It shows inhibitory effects on infection of HIV/SARS-CoV S pseudovirus with an IC50 of 0.3 mM. The compound exhibits antioxidant and cytoprotective activity, as demonstrated by in silico studies showing a probability of antioxidant and cytoprotective activity greater than 0.5 and 0.6, respectively. It also inhibits mushroom tyrosinase with an IC50 of 670 µM and human carbonic anhydrase isoforms CA1 and CA2 with Ki values of 3.1 µM and 9.2 µM, respectively.
|
| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies for 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid have been limited. In silico predictions suggest antioxidant and cytoprotective activity. The compound's potential therapeutic applications in cellular protection mechanisms have been explored. As a naturally occurring phenolic acid, it may contribute to the health benefits associated with cinnamon consumption. However, detailed in vivo efficacy data in animal models are not extensively documented in the available literature. Further studies are needed to validate its therapeutic potential for various indications.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For enzyme inhibition assays, purified carbonic anhydrase isoforms (CA1, CA2) are incubated with 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid at various concentrations and a suitable substrate. Enzyme activity is measured spectrophotometrically by monitoring substrate hydrolysis, and Ki values are calculated from dose-response curves. For tyrosinase inhibition, mushroom tyrosinase is incubated with L-DOPA substrate and the compound, and activity is measured by absorbance at 475 nm to determine IC50 values. For antiviral activity, pseudovirus infection assays are conducted using HIV/SARS-CoV S pseudovirus.
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| Cell Assay |
For antimicrobial activity evaluation, bacterial cultures (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus) are grown in appropriate media and treated with 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid at various concentrations. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is determined by broth microdilution following standard protocols. For antiviral studies, appropriate cell lines are infected with HIV/SARS-CoV S pseudovirus and treated with the compound, with infection inhibition measured by reporter gene expression. Cytotoxicity is assessed in parallel using standard cell viability assays. Antioxidant activity is evaluated using hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo studies, appropriate animal models would be used to evaluate the compound's antimicrobial, antiviral, or antioxidant efficacy. Rodents would be administered 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid via oral gavage or intraperitoneal injection at various doses. For infection models, bacterial or viral challenge would be followed by compound treatment, with endpoints including survival, pathogen clearance, and tissue pathology. However, detailed in vivo protocols for 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid have not been extensively reported in the literature.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid have not been fully characterized in the available literature. As a naturally occurring phenolic acid with a molecular weight of 164.16, it is expected to be absorbed after oral administration. Metabolism likely involves conjugation reactions similar to other hydroxycinnamic acids. The compound is typically stored at room temperature. Comprehensive pharmacokinetic studies including bioavailability, half-life, protein binding, and tissue distribution are needed to fully understand its ADME properties.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
2-Hydroxycinnamic acid is generally considered safe as a naturally occurring compound found in various plants. However, comprehensive toxicological studies have not been extensively documented. In silico predictions suggest favorable safety profiles. The compound exhibits antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and is not susceptible to drug resistance. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling this compound.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
2-Coumaric acid is a monohydroxycinnamic acid with a hydroxyl substituent located at the C-2 position of the benzene ring. It is a plant metabolite and the conjugate acid of 2-coumarate. 2-Hydroxycinnamic acid has been reported to be found in rhododendron dauricum, hops (Humulus lupulus), and other organisms with relevant data. See also: Morning glory (Ipomoea aquatica) leaf (partial).
2-Hydroxycinnamic acid is a naturally occurring hydroxycinnamic acid extracted from cinnamon, with diverse bioactivities including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. It shows inhibitory effects on HIV/SARS-CoV S pseudovirus infection with an IC50 of 0.3 mM and inhibits mushroom tyrosinase (IC50 670 µM) and human carbonic anhydrase isoforms CA1 (Ki 3.1 µM) and CA2 (Ki 9.2 µM). The compound is for research use only and has not been approved for clinical applications. |
| Molecular Formula |
C9H8O3
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
164.16
|
| Exact Mass |
164.047
|
| CAS # |
614-60-8
|
| PubChem CID |
637540
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
348.0±17.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
217ºC
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| Flash Point |
178.5±17.4 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.8 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.660
|
| LogP |
2.43
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
12
|
| Complexity |
186
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
C1=CC=C(C(=C1)/C=C/C(=O)O)O
|
| InChi Key |
PMOWTIHVNWZYFI-AATRIKPKSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H8O3/c10-8-4-2-1-3-7(8)5-6-9(11)12/h1-6,10H,(H,11,12)/b6-5+
|
| Chemical Name |
(E)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (609.16 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (15.23 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (15.23 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (15.23 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.0916 mL | 30.4581 mL | 60.9162 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.2183 mL | 6.0916 mL | 12.1832 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6092 mL | 3.0458 mL | 6.0916 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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