| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
γ-Hexalactone does not have a classic therapeutic target but is a substrate for paraoxonase 1 (PON1), an enzyme associated with the hydrolysis of organophosphates and the prevention of LDL oxidation. Its primary biological activity of interest is its ability to induce DNA damage. This property makes it a tool for studying the mechanisms of genotoxicity and the cellular response to DNA damage. It is also used as a substrate in enzymatic assays to measure PON1 activity.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, γ-Hexalactone induces DNA damage, which can be measured by various assays such as the comet assay or by quantifying the formation of DNA adducts. This activity is used to study the mechanisms of genotoxicity. Additionally, it acts as a substrate for paraoxonase 1 (PON1), and its hydrolysis can be measured to assess PON1 enzyme activity in vitro. It does not exhibit significant pharmacological activity in the traditional sense but is a useful chemical tool.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, the genotoxic potential of γ-Hexalactone is of concern, as it has been reported to induce DNA damage. This property may have implications for its safety as a food additive or flavoring agent. Its role as a substrate for PON1 is also relevant in vivo, as PON1 is a key enzyme in the body's defense against oxidative stress and organophosphate toxicity. However, γ-Hexalactone itself is not administered as a therapeutic agent.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro non-cell enzyme assays for γ-Hexalactone typically involve its use as a substrate to measure the activity of paraoxonase 1 (PON1). The compound is incubated with a biological sample containing PON1, and the rate of hydrolysis is measured. This is often done by monitoring the production of a product with a distinct spectrophotometric or chromatographic signal. These assays are used to assess PON1 activity in serum or tissue samples.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for γ-Hexalactone are used to study its genotoxic effects. Cells are treated with the compound, and DNA damage is assessed using methods like the comet assay, micronucleus test, or by measuring the phosphorylation of histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) as a marker of DNA double-strand breaks. These assays help to characterize the compound's potential to cause genetic damage and its mechanism of action.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for γ-Hexalactone are primarily toxicological studies to assess its safety. These studies involve administering the compound to animals (typically rodents) via oral gavage or in the diet and evaluating various parameters such as body weight, organ weights, histopathology, and genotoxicity markers in tissues. The goal is to determine the compound's potential for adverse effects, including carcinogenicity, and to establish safe exposure levels.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
γ-Hexalactone has a molecular weight of 114.14 g/mol and a molecular formula of C₆H₁₀O₂. It has a boiling point of 220°C and is soluble in ethanol and oils. It has a melting point of -18°C. As a small, lipophilic lactone, it is expected to be well-absorbed orally and to distribute throughout the body. It is metabolized and excreted primarily in the urine. Detailed pharmacokinetic data are available in toxicological reports.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
γ-Hexalactone is considered to have moderate toxicity. Its primary concern is its reported ability to induce DNA damage. In animal studies, high doses may cause adverse effects. It is classified as a skin and eye irritant. Its safety as a food additive is regulated, and exposure levels are typically very low. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
γ-Caprolactone is a γ-lactone with the structure oxacyclopentane-2-one, where the 5-position is substituted with an ethyl group. It is a human serum metabolite. γ-Caprolactone has been reported to exist in tea (Camellia sinensis), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), and other organisms with relevant data. 4-Caprolactone is a metabolite found or produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
γ-Hexalactone is a naturally occurring gamma-lactone found in ripe fruits, used as a flavoring agent and in research. It is also known as γ-caprolactone. Its biological significance lies in its role as a substrate for paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and its ability to induce DNA damage. These properties make it a useful tool for studying genotoxicity and PON1 activity. It is not approved for therapeutic use and is intended for research and industrial applications. |
| Molecular Formula |
C6H10O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
114.1424
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| Exact Mass |
114.068
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| CAS # |
695-06-7
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| PubChem CID |
12756
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| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquid
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| Density |
1.0±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
214.9±8.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
-18°C
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| Flash Point |
98.3±0.0 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.2±0.4 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.432
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| LogP |
0.26
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
8
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| Complexity |
98.7
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O1C(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H])=O
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| InChi Key |
JBFHTYHTHYHCDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H10O2/c1-2-5-3-4-6(7)8-5/h5H,2-4H2,1H3
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| Chemical Name |
5-ethyloxolan-2-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~876.12 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (21.90 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (21.90 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (21.90 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 8.7612 mL | 43.8059 mL | 87.6117 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.7522 mL | 8.7612 mL | 17.5223 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.8761 mL | 4.3806 mL | 8.7612 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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