| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100mg |
|
||
| 500mg |
|
||
| 1g |
|
||
| Other Sizes |
| ln Vitro |
Human milk contains the fatty acid palmitoleic acid [1]. Despite their increased NaCl consumption from consuming 1% NaCl water, a meal containing 1% palmitoleic acid dramatically improved survival rates while lowering the incidence of stroke in SHRSP given various fatty acids [2].
|
|---|---|
| ln Vivo |
- Effect on stroke prevention in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP): Dietary supplementation with (Z)-Hexadec-9-enoic acid reduced the incidence of stroke and prolonged survival in SHRSP. Rats fed a diet containing 1.5% (Z)-Hexadec-9-enoic acid had a stroke incidence of 30% at 12 weeks, compared to 85% in the control group (standard diet without the fatty acid). The median survival time of the (Z)-Hexadec-9-enoic acid-supplemented group was 14 weeks, which was 5 weeks longer than that of the control group. Additionally, the fatty acid slightly lowered systolic blood pressure in SHRSP (by approximately 15 mmHg at 8 weeks of supplementation) compared to the control group, but did not normalize blood pressure to the level of normotensive rats [2]
|
| Animal Protocol |
- Stroke prevention experiment in SHRSP: Male SHRSP (6 weeks old) were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=20 per group): control group and (Z)-Hexadec-9-enoic acid-supplemented group. The control group was fed a standard rodent diet, while the supplemented group was fed the same standard diet mixed with (Z)-Hexadec-9-enoic acid at a final concentration of 1.5% (w/w). All rats had free access to food and water throughout the experiment. The experiment lasted for 16 weeks, with weekly measurements of systolic blood pressure using a tail-cuff method. Rats were observed daily for clinical signs of stroke (e.g., paralysis, convulsions, lethargy), and stroke incidence and survival time were recorded. At the end of the experiment, surviving rats were sacrificed, and no histopathological analysis of major organs was reported [2]
|
| References |
[1]. Ogunleye A, et al. Fatty acid composition of breast milk from Nigerian and Japanese women. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 1991 Aug;37(4):435-42.
[2]. Yamori Y, et al. Dietary prevention of stroke and its mechanisms in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats--preventive effect of dietary fibre and palmitoleic acid. J Hypertens Suppl. 1986 Oct;4(3):S449-52. |
| Additional Infomation |
Palmitoleic acid is a hexadecyl-9-enoic acid with a cis configuration at the C-9 position. It is an EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor and a metabolite in Daphnia galeata, human serum, algae, and Escherichia coli. It is the conjugate acid of palmitole esters. Palmitoleic acid is a metabolite found or produced in Escherichia coli (K12 strain, MG1655 strain). It has also been reported in Agaricus blazei, Phormidium tenue, and other organisms with relevant data. Palmitoleic acid is a metabolite found or produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: cod liver oil (partial components); krill oil (partial components); saw palmetto (partial). - (Z)-hexadecyl-9-enoic acid (palmitoleic acid) is a monounsaturated fatty acid found in human milk. In the breast milk of Nigerian women, it accounted for 2.8±0.3% of the total fatty acids, while in the breast milk of Japanese women, it accounted for 1.9±0.2% of the total fatty acids; the difference was statistically significant [1]. - (Z)-hexadecanoic acid may play a role in stroke prevention in spontaneously hypertensive rats by improving vascular integrity and reducing vascular inflammation, although the exact molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated in this study [2].
|
| Molecular Formula |
C16H30O2
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
254.4082
|
| Exact Mass |
254.224
|
| CAS # |
373-49-9
|
| PubChem CID |
445638
|
| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquid（Density：0.894 g/cm3）
|
| Density |
0.9±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
363.6±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
0.5 °C
|
| Flash Point |
239.2±14.4 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.7 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.466
|
| LogP |
6.64
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
13
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
18
|
| Complexity |
209
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
CCCCCC/C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O
|
| InChi Key |
SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C16H30O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16(17)18/h7-8H,2-6,9-15H2,1H3,(H,17,18)/b8-7-
|
| Chemical Name |
(Z)-hexadec-9-enoic acid
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~393.07 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.83 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.83 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (9.83 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 37.74 mg/mL (148.34 mM) in Cremophor EL (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.9307 mL | 19.6533 mL | 39.3066 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7861 mL | 3.9307 mL | 7.8613 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3931 mL | 1.9653 mL | 3.9307 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
