| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 500mg |
|
||
| 1g |
|
||
| 5g |
|
||
| 10g |
|
||
| 50g | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
X-GAL targets β-galactosidase, an enzyme that cleaves the glycosidic bond in lactose and other β-galactosides. As a chromogenic substrate, X-GAL is hydrolyzed by β-galactosidase to release 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-hydroxy-1H-indole, which immediately dimerizes to form an intensely blue, insoluble precipitate. This color change provides a visual indication of β-galactosidase activity. The compound does not have a therapeutic target but is a valuable tool for detecting β-galactosidase activity in molecular biology applications. Its use in blue-white screening allows for the identification of recombinant bacterial colonies containing a functional lacZ gene.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, X-GAL is widely used as a chromogenic substrate for β-galactosidase in various applications. It is used in blue-white screening to identify recombinant bacterial colonies. The compound is also used to detect β-galactosidase activity in histochemistry and bacteriology and to detect transgene activity in situ. In these assays, X-GAL is incorporated into agar media or applied to tissue sections, and the development of a blue color indicates the presence of β-galactosidase activity. The compound's stability and ease of use make it a standard reagent in molecular biology laboratories.
|
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, X-GAL is not used as a therapeutic agent. Its application is limited to in vitro and ex vivo research applications, such as histochemical staining of tissue sections and whole-mount staining of embryos. The compound is not administered to animals or humans for therapeutic purposes. Its use is strictly confined to laboratory settings for detecting β-galactosidase activity.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro non-cell assays for X-GAL are not applicable, as it is a chromogenic substrate used in cell-based and tissue-based assays. Its properties are characterized by its spectral characteristics and its ability to produce a blue color upon hydrolysis by β-galactosidase. Its purity is assessed by HPLC or other analytical methods.
|
| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for X-GAL involve incubating cells or tissues with the substrate to detect β-galactosidase activity. In blue-white screening, bacterial colonies are grown on agar plates containing X-GAL and IPTG, and colonies expressing β-galactosidase turn blue. In histochemistry, tissue sections are incubated with X-GAL, and the development of a blue precipitate indicates β-galactosidase activity. In whole-mount staining, embryos or tissues are incubated with X-GAL to detect transgene expression.
|
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies are not performed with X-GAL, as it is a chromogenic substrate and not a therapeutic agent. Its use is limited to in vitro and ex vivo applications.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
X-GAL has a molecular weight of 408.63 g/mol and a molecular formula of C₁₄H₁₅BrClNO₆. It is also known as 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl β-D-galactopyranoside and BCIG. The compound appears as a white powder. It should be stored under appropriate conditions, typically at -20°C, protected from light and moisture. Its stability in solution is good under proper storage conditions.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
X-GAL is considered a safe laboratory reagent when handled appropriately. It is not intended for human or veterinary use. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound, including the use of appropriate personal protective equipment.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl β-D-galactoside is an indolyl carbohydrate, a β-D-galactoside of 3-hydroxy-1H-indole, wherein the indole moiety is substituted with chlorine at the 4-position and bromine at the 5-position. It can be used to detect the presence of β-galactosidase, an enzyme that hydrolyzes the glycosidic bond to generate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-hydroxy-1H-indole, which immediately dimers to form a deep blue product. It is a chromogenic compound. It is an indolyl carbohydrate, β-D-galactoside, organochlorine compound, organobromine compound, and D-aldose derivative.
X-GAL is a chromogenic substrate for β-galactosidase widely used in molecular biology. It is also known as 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl β-D-galactopyranoside and BCIG. β-Galactosidase cleaves X-GAL and produces an intensely blue product. X-GAL is the substrate of choice for blue-white selection of recombinant bacterial colonies. It is also used to detect transgene activity in situ and in histochemistry. Not a therapeutic agent; intended for research purposes only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C₁₄H₁₅BRCLNO₆
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
408.63
|
| Exact Mass |
406.977
|
| CAS # |
7240-90-6
|
| PubChem CID |
65181
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Density |
1.9±0.0 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
673.9±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
230 °C
|
| Flash Point |
361.3±0.0 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.0 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.731
|
| LogP |
0.62
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
23
|
| Complexity |
421
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
5
|
| SMILES |
C1=CC(=C(C2=C1NC=C2O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O)O)Cl)Br
|
| InChi Key |
OPIFSICVWOWJMJ-AEOCFKNESA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C14H15BrClNO6/c15-5-1-2-6-9(10(5)16)7(3-17-6)22-14-13(21)12(20)11(19)8(4-18)23-14/h1-3,8,11-14,17-21H,4H2/t8-,11+,12+,13-,14-/m1/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(5-bromo-4-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl)oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMF : 200 mg/mL (~489.44 mM)
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~244.72 mM) |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.09 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.09 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.8 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (5.09 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: ≥ 2 mg/mL (4.89 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMF 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 5: ≥ 2 mg/mL (4.89 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMF 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 6: ≥ 2 mg/mL (4.89 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMF 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.4472 mL | 12.2360 mL | 24.4720 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4894 mL | 2.4472 mL | 4.8944 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2447 mL | 1.2236 mL | 2.4472 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
