| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
VU041 targets the inward rectifier potassium 1 (Kir1) channels found in insects. It specifically inhibits the Kir1 channels of Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti. The compound also inhibits the mammalian Kir2.1 channel, though with lower affinity, and shows even less inhibitory activity against mammalian Kir1.1, Kir4.1, Kir6.2/SUR1, and Kir7.1 channels.
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| ln Vitro |
Esterases do not appear to be involved in the metabolism of VU041, while cytochrome P450 enzymes barely minimally metabolize it. Insecticide-sensitive and resistant mosquito lines are both locally hazardous to VU041, the first small molecule inhibitor of the mosquito Kir1 channel [1].
In vitro, VU041 is a potent inhibitor of mosquito Kir1 channels, demonstrating IC50 values of 2.5 μM against Anopheles gambiae and 1.7 μM against Aedes aegypti. It also significantly inhibits the mammalian Kir2.1 channel with an IC50 of 12.7 μM. Studies suggest that esterases are not involved in its metabolism, and cytochrome P450 enzymes have minimal effect. |
| ln Vivo |
When adult female mosquitoes of both species were applied topically with VU041, it prevented them from becoming fertile. Notably, VU041 is not fatal to mature honeybees (Apis mellifera) and is more selective for mosquito Kir channels than mammalian orthologues of Kir channels. Disrupting the function of Malpighian tubule-mediated excretion is one of VU041's modes of action, according to in vivo investigations on blood meal processing and diuretic ability [1].
In vivo, topical application of VU041 to adult female mosquitoes prevents them from becoming fertile. It is selectively toxic to mosquitoes, with studies showing it is not fatal to mature honeybees (Apis mellifera). In vivo investigations on blood meal processing and diuretic ability indicate that disrupting Malpighian tubule-mediated excretion is one of its primary modes of action. |
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro receptor binding assays for VU041 typically involve measuring its inhibitory effect on Kir1 channel activity. These cell-free systems assess the compound's ability to block potassium ion flux through the channel. The compound's affinity and potency (IC50) are determined by evaluating its capacity to inhibit channel function in a concentration-dependent manner.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays are performed using insect cell lines or primary cells expressing Kir1 channels. The compound's effect on cellular physiology is evaluated by measuring changes in membrane potential or ion flux. Additionally, the impact on Malpighian tubule function can be assessed in ex vivo preparations to study its osmoregulatory effects.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments are conducted on adult female mosquitoes of Anopheles and Aedes species. The compound is administered topically, and its effects on fertility and survival are monitored. The selectivity of the compound is further validated by testing its toxicity on non-target organisms, such as honeybees.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties have not been extensively characterized; however, VU041 is noted to be metabolically stable, with minimal involvement of esterases and cytochrome P450 enzymes. Its LogP is 4.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data indicates that VU041 is not fatal to mature honeybees, suggesting a degree of selectivity for mosquito targets.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
1-(3,4-dihydro-2H-quinolin-1-yl)-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindazol-1-yl]ethanone is a potassium channel blocker.
VU041 is a research compound and is not approved for any therapeutic use. It is being investigated as a potential mosquitocide for controlling insecticide-susceptible and -resistant mosquito populations. |
| Molecular Formula |
C19H20N3OF3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
363.377
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| Exact Mass |
363.155
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| CAS # |
332943-64-3
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| PubChem CID |
1129704
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| Appearance |
Off-white to light yellow solid powder
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| LogP |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
26
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| Complexity |
527
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O=C(N1CCCC2=CC=CC=C12)CN1N=C(C(F)(F)F)C2CCCCC1=2
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| InChi Key |
DLAGRCZUELSZFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C19H20F3N3O/c20-19(21,22)18-14-8-2-4-10-16(14)25(23-18)12-17(26)24-11-5-7-13-6-1-3-9-15(13)24/h1,3,6,9H,2,4-5,7-8,10-12H2
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| Chemical Name |
1-(3,4-dihydro-2H-quinolin-1-yl)-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindazol-1-yl]ethanone
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| Synonyms |
VU 041; VU-041; VU041
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~20 mg/mL (~55.04 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 2 mg/mL (5.50 mM) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with sonication.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: 2 mg/mL (5.50 mM) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with ultrasonication. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2 mg/mL (5.50 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.7519 mL | 13.7597 mL | 27.5194 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5504 mL | 2.7519 mL | 5.5039 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2752 mL | 1.3760 mL | 2.7519 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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