| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| Other Sizes |
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| ln Vitro |
The two naturally occurring forms of vitamin K are menaquinone (vitamin K2) and phylloquinone (vitamin K1). The primary dietary supply of vitamin K is phylloquinone, which is mostly found in green leafy vegetables [1]. Menaquinone, or vitamin K2, can be found in trace levels in cheese, egg yolks, poultry, butter, and fermented soybeans. For all vitamin K-dependent proteins to be γ-glutamyl carboxylated, vitamins K1 and K2 are necessary [2]. An essential function of vitamin K is in the neurological system. Proteins Gas6 and S, which bind to TAM family receptor tyrosine kinases (Tyro3, Axl, and Mer), are bioactivated in part by vitamin K. Vitamin K plays a role in the brain's production of sphingolipids, a significant family of lipids found in high concentrations in the membranes of brain cells [3].
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| ln Vivo |
The ability of vitamin K to coagulate blood is well established. Vitamin K supplementation has been shown in numerous human trials to have positive effects on insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, as well as to prevent insulin resistance and lower the incidence of type 2 diabetes [1]. For women, 90 μg per day and for men, 120 μg per day is the recommended appropriate intake of vitamin K [2]. A lower level of biological activity protein called carboxylated osteocalcin is elevated in cases of vitamin K insufficiency. Low dietary vitamin K consumption has been linked to lower bone mineral density or more fractures, according to numerous research. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that vitamin K administration enhances bone turnover and lessens the deficit of carboxylated osteocalcin [4].
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Effects During Pregnancy and Lactation
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation Vitamin K is naturally found in human milk. Maternal vitamin K supplementation is typically not needed to meet the 75 mcg per day recommended adequate maternal dietary intake during lactation. Maternal supplementation with 5 mg daily increases milk vitamin K levels and can improve vitamin K status in breastfed infants who also receive intramuscular vitamin K shortly after birth. Although exclusively breastfed infants are at higher risk of vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB), a condition that can involve intracranial hemorrhage, sometimes leading to infant death, maternal vitamin K supplementation alone is not an adequate or safe substitute for vitamin K administered directly to the newborn after birth to prevent VKDB, especially in preterm infants. ◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants Exclusive breastfeeding and failure to give infants a dose of prophylactic vitamin K at birth resulted in the death of 3 otherwise normal, consecutive male siblings from intracranial hemorrhage. A fourth male sibling was examined at 17 days of age and found to have abnormal clotting parameters. The infant and parents were found to have no genetic conditions that could account for the abnormal clotting. Within 24 hours, the infant’s clotting profile normalized after 1 mg of vitamin K injection. |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
2-methyl-3-(3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-enyl)naphthalene-1,4-dione is a member of 1,4-naphthoquinones.
Vitamin K has been reported in Glycine max, Aronia melanocarpa, and other organisms with data available. Vitamin K is the term "vitamin K" refers to a group of chemically similar fat-soluble compounds called naphthoquinones: vitamin K1 (phytonadione) is found in plants and is the primary source of vitamin K for humans through dietary consumption, vitamin K2 compounds (menaquinones) are made by bacteria in the human gut, and vitamin K3 (menadione) is a water-soluble preparation available for adults only. Vitamin K is necessary for the liver to produce the coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X, as well as the clotting factors protein C, protein S, and protein Z; vitamin K deficiency can result in deficiencies of these coagulation factors and excess bleeding. An injection of vitamin K is routinely given to newborn infants to prevent vitamin K deficiency bleeding, also known as hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. Vitamin K deficiency is rare in adults but may result from chronic malnutrition or an inability to absorb dietary vitamins. Phylloquinone is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A lipid cofactor that is required for normal blood clotting. Several forms of vitamin K have been identified: VITAMIN K 1 (phytomenadione) derived from plants, VITAMIN K 2 (menaquinone) from bacteria, and synthetic naphthoquinone provitamins, VITAMIN K 3 (menadione). Vitamin K 3 provitamins, after being alkylated in vivo, exhibit the antifibrinolytic activity of vitamin K. Green leafy vegetables, liver, cheese, butter, and egg yolk are good sources of vitamin K. See also: Phytonadione (annotation moved to). |
| Molecular Formula |
C31H46O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
450.69574
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| Exact Mass |
450.35
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| CAS # |
12001-79-5
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| Related CAS # |
Vitamin K1;84-80-0
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| PubChem CID |
5280483
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow liquid（Density：0.984 g/cm3）
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| Density |
0.963g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
546.4ºC at 760mmHg
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| Melting Point |
112-114ºC
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| Flash Point |
200.4ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
5.37E-12mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
n20/D 1.527(lit.)
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| LogP |
9.157
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
14
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| Heavy Atom Count |
33
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| Complexity |
696
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
[Vitamin K]
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| InChi Key |
MBWXNTAXLNYFJB-LKUDQCMESA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C31H46O2/c1-22(2)12-9-13-23(3)14-10-15-24(4)16-11-17-25(5)20-21-27-26(6)30(32)28-18-7-8-19-29(28)31(27)33/h7-8,18-20,22-24H,9-17,21H2,1-6H3/b25-20+
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| Chemical Name |
2-methyl-3-[(E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-enyl]naphthalene-1,4-dione
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~50 mg/mL
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (Infinity mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 +5% Tween-80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 + to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.2188 mL | 11.0939 mL | 22.1877 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4438 mL | 2.2188 mL | 4.4375 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2219 mL | 1.1094 mL | 2.2188 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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