| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Targets |
The primary target of Virginiamycin M1 is the bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit. It inhibits bacterial protein synthesis at the level of aminoacyl-tRNA binding and peptide bond formation, inactivating the 50S ribosome. This leads to a bacteriostatic effect, preventing bacterial growth. It is used as an antibiotic and growth promotant.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Virginiamycin M1 is a potent antibiotic against various Gram-positive bacteria. It inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. Its activity is assessed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against bacterial strains. It is used as an analytical standard.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Virginiamycin M1 is used as an antibiotic in veterinary medicine. It is used as a growth promotant in animal feed. Its antibacterial activity helps prevent infections and promote growth in livestock. Its use is regulated in many countries.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For antibacterial susceptibility assays, Virginiamycin M1 is tested against bacterial strains using broth microdilution or agar dilution methods to determine the MIC. The compound is dissolved in a suitable solvent and serially diluted in growth medium. Bacterial cultures are added, and the plates are incubated. The MIC is determined as the lowest concentration that inhibits visible growth.
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| Cell Assay |
For cellular studies, bacterial cells are cultured in appropriate medium. Virginiamycin M1 is added to the culture. Bacterial growth is monitored by measuring optical density. Protein synthesis is assessed by measuring the incorporation of radiolabeled amino acids. The mechanism of action can be studied using ribosome isolation and in vitro translation assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo efficacy studies, animal models of bacterial infection are used. Virginiamycin M1 is formulated in vehicle and administered orally or by injection. Bacterial load is measured in tissues by colony counting. Survival is monitored. Histopathological examination is performed.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for Virginiamycin M1 are available from veterinary studies. It is absorbed after oral administration and distributed to tissues. It is metabolized and excreted. Its PK profile is well-characterized for its use as a veterinary antibiotic.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for Virginiamycin M1 are available from veterinary studies. It is generally well-tolerated at therapeutic doses. As with all antibiotics, appropriate safety precautions should be taken during handling.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Pristinamycin IIA is a macrolide antibiotic belonging to the streptomycin class A and is a component of Pristinamycin. It is produced by Streptomyces graminofaciens and other bacteria. Ostermycin A has also been reported in Streptomyces pristinaespiralis and Streptomyces virginiae, with relevant data available. A specific class A streptomycin antibiotic produced by Streptomyces graminofaciens and other bacteria. See also: Streptomycin A (note moved here). Drug Indications For the treatment of bacterial infections. Mechanism of Action Virginiamycin M1 is a macrolide antibiotic that synergistically inhibits peptide chain elongation with structurally unrelated cyclic condensates (more commonly known as Virginiamycin B (Ostermycin B or Streptomycin B) and S). This is achieved by blocking the formation of peptide bonds between the growing peptide chain (peptidyl-tRNA) and aminoacyl-tRNA linked to the 50S ribosome. Virginiamycin M1 has been shown to have high activity against Gram-positive bacteria, particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Virginiamycin M1 (CAS 21411-53-0) is a macrocyclic lactone peptolide antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis at the 50S ribosome. It has the molecular formula C₂₈H₃₅N₃O₇ and a molecular weight of 525.6. It is used as an antibiotic and growth promotant and is strictly for research use. |
| Molecular Formula |
C28H35N3O7
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
525.5934
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| Exact Mass |
525.248
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| CAS # |
21411-53-0
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| Related CAS # |
Pristinamycin;270076-60-3
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| PubChem CID |
5354042
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| Appearance |
White to yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.26 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
825.2ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
165-170 °C
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| Flash Point |
452.9ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
0mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.586
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| LogP |
2.926
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
38
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| Complexity |
1030
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CC1/C=C\C(=O)NC/C=C\C(=C/C(CC(=O)CC2=NC(=CO2)C(=O)N3CCC=C3C(=O)OC1C(C)C)O)\C
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| InChi Key |
DAIKHDNSXMZDCU-RLJJXFIZSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C28H35N3O7/c1-17(2)26-19(4)9-10-24(34)29-11-5-7-18(3)13-20(32)14-21(33)15-25-30-22(16-37-25)27(35)31-12-6-8-23(31)28(36)38-26/h5,7-10,13,16-17,19-20,26,32H,6,11-12,14-15H2,1-4H3,(H,29,34)/b7-5-,10-9-,18-13-
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| Chemical Name |
(12Z,17Z,19Z)-21-hydroxy-11,19-dimethyl-10-propan-2-yl-9,26-dioxa-3,15,28-triazatricyclo[23.2.1.03,7]octacosa-1(27),6,12,17,19,25(28)-hexaene-2,8,14,23-tetrone
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~190.26 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 5 mg/mL (9.51 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 50.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 5 mg/mL (9.51 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 50.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 5 mg/mL (9.51 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.9026 mL | 9.5131 mL | 19.0262 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3805 mL | 1.9026 mL | 3.8052 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1903 mL | 0.9513 mL | 1.9026 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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