| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Veratraldehyde targets the PilY1 protein in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, exhibiting antibacterial activity. It also targets fungal pathogens, demonstrating antifungal activity. The compound acts on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in fungi, as shown by its ability to overcome MAPK mutant tolerance to antifungal agents. Additionally, Veratraldehyde targets insect olfactory receptors or other pathways to mediate its repellent effects against mosquitoes and ticks.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Veratraldehyde demonstrates antifungal activity against A. fumigatus and other fungal pathogens. Its combination with OG overcomes the tolerance of A. fumigatus MAPK mutants to Kre-Me, showing enhanced antifungal activity. The compound exhibits antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa by targeting the PilY1 protein. It also shows repellent activity against mosquitoes and ticks in behavioral assays. These in vitro activities support its potential in antimicrobial and pest control applications.
|
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Veratraldehyde has demonstrated repellent effects against mosquitoes and ticks, suggesting potential applications in public health for vector control. Its antifungal and antibacterial activities observed in vitro require further validation in animal models of infection. The compound's effectiveness against disease-carrying arthropods positions it as a valuable agent in public health, with potential for commercialization as a repellent. Further in vivo studies are needed to fully characterize its therapeutic potential.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays for Veratraldehyde include antibacterial susceptibility testing against Pseudomonas aeruginosa to determine MIC values. Antifungal activity is assessed using broth microdilution methods against A. fumigatus and other fungi, with MIC values ranging from 3.0-5.0 mM. Synergy studies with other antifungal agents (e.g., kresoxim methyl) are conducted using checkerboard assays. Binding to PilY1 protein can be assessed using surface plasmon resonance or isothermal titration calorimetry. All assays include appropriate controls and reference compounds.
|
| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for Veratraldehyde are conducted using bacterial (P. aeruginosa) and fungal (A. fumigatus) cultures. Bacteria or fungi are treated with Veratraldehyde at concentrations ranging from 0.1-10 mM for 24-48 hours. Growth inhibition is measured by OD600 or colony counting. For repellent studies, behavioral assays are conducted with mosquitoes or ticks to assess repellency. Cytotoxicity is assessed in mammalian cell lines to evaluate selectivity. All experiments include vehicle controls and positive controls (e.g., standard antibiotics or antifungal agents).
|
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies with Veratraldehyde are limited, as the compound is primarily studied for its repellent and antimicrobial properties. Repellent efficacy is evaluated in animal models or field studies using mosquitoes and ticks. The compound is applied topically or tested in choice assays. For antimicrobial studies, animal models of infection may be used to assess efficacy. Each group consists of 6-10 animals with appropriate controls. Further in vivo studies are needed for comprehensive characterization of its therapeutic potential.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of Veratraldehyde have not been extensively characterized. As a small, lipophilic aromatic aldehyde (MW 166.18), it is expected to have good skin penetration and moderate oral bioavailability. The compound is found in essential oils and may be absorbed through the skin or gastrointestinal tract. Metabolism likely occurs through oxidation to veratric acid and conjugation, with elimination via renal excretion. Detailed PK parameters require further investigation.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for Veratraldehyde indicate that it is generally considered safe at concentrations used for research and as a flavoring agent. It is found naturally in foods and essential oils. No significant toxicity has been reported at typical exposure levels. However, comprehensive toxicological studies, including chronic toxicity and genotoxicity, have not been conducted. As with all research chemicals, appropriate safety precautions should be taken during handling.
|
| Additional Infomation |
Veratraldehyde is a needle-like or lumpy light peach-colored powder with a vanilla bean odor. (NTP, 1992)
Veratraldehyde is a dimethoxybenzene, a compound in which benzaldehyde is substituted with methoxy groups at the 3 and 4 positions. It is found in mint, ginger, raspberry, and other fruits. It has antifungal properties. It is a benzaldehyde compound and also a dimethoxybenzene. 3,4-Dimethoxybenzene has been reported to be found in wisteria, ginger, and other organisms with relevant data. Veratraldehyde is a natural aromatic aldehyde with diverse biological activities, including antifungal, antibacterial, and repellent properties. It is found in essential oils of peppermint, ginger, and Cymbopogon javanensis. The compound targets PilY1 protein in P. aeruginosa and shows activity against A. fumigatus. Its repellent effects against mosquitoes and ticks suggest potential applications in public health. It is also used as a pharmaceutical intermediate. Not approved for clinical therapeutic use; intended for research purposes. |
| Molecular Formula |
C9H10O3
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
166.1739
|
| Exact Mass |
166.062
|
| CAS # |
120-14-9
|
| Related CAS # |
Veratraldehyde-d3;143318-06-3;3,4-Dimethoxy-benzaldehyde-d6;1162658-05-0
|
| PubChem CID |
8419
|
| Appearance |
White to light yellow solid powder
|
| Density |
1.1±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
281.0±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
40-43 °C(lit.)
|
| Flash Point |
110.4±8.2 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.5 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.534
|
| LogP |
1.61
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
12
|
| Complexity |
147
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| InChi Key |
WJUFSDZVCOTFON-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H10O3/c1-11-8-4-3-7(6-10)5-9(8)12-2/h3-6H,1-2H3
|
| Chemical Name |
3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~601.79 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (15.04 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (15.04 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (15.04 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.0179 mL | 30.0897 mL | 60.1793 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.2036 mL | 6.0179 mL | 12.0359 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6018 mL | 3.0090 mL | 6.0179 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
