| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
UDP-glucuronic acid targets UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), the key enzymes involved in phase II drug metabolism. It acts as a glucuronyl donor, facilitating the conjugation of glucuronic acid to drugs, endogenous compounds, and toxins for detoxification and elimination.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
UDP-glucuronic acid is the essential sugar donor for glucuronidation reactions catalyzed by UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). It participates in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans, plant cell wall polysaccharides, and bacterial capsular glycolipids. Its primary physiological function is as a glucuronic acid donor in hepatic glucuronidation, a major detoxification mechanism for bilirubin, drugs, and toxins.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, UDP-glucuronic acid is a key molecule in liver metabolism, serving as the glucuronyl donor for the detoxification and elimination of bilirubin, drugs, and toxins through glucuronidation reactions. It is essential for maintaining metabolic homeostasis and xenobiotic clearance.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for UDP-glucuronic acid involve incubating the compound with UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes and a substrate (e.g., bilirubin, 4-methylumbelliferone, or drug metabolites). Enzyme activity is measured by detecting the formation of glucuronidated products using HPLC, LC-MS/MS, or fluorescence-based methods.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for UDP-glucuronic acid use hepatocytes (primary or cell lines such as HepG2) cultured in appropriate media. Cells are treated with UDP-glucuronic acid or its precursors, and glucuronidation activity is assessed by measuring the formation of glucuronide conjugates of probe substrates using LC-MS/MS. Cellular UGT expression and activity can also be evaluated.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for UDP-glucuronic acid typically involve administration of drugs or toxins to rodents followed by measurement of glucuronide metabolites in plasma, bile, or urine using LC-MS/MS. The availability of UDP-glucuronic acid in the liver can be assessed by measuring hepatic UDP-GlcA levels using HPLC.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
UDP-glucuronic acid trisodium has a molecular weight of approximately 682.2 g/mol (trisodium salt) and formula C₁₅H₁₉N₂Na₃O₁₈P₂. It is a white powder that should be stored at -20°C in a sealed environment. As a nucleotide sugar, it is highly polar and water-soluble, with limited cell permeability. It is used as a substrate in in vitro enzyme assays.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
UDP-glucuronic acid is considered low in toxicity as a biochemical reagent. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed, including wearing protective equipment to prevent dust inhalation or skin contact. No significant systemic toxicity has been reported as it is not intended for in vivo therapeutic administration.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
UDP-glucuronic acid trisodium is a critical cofactor for drug metabolism studies, particularly for investigating phase II glucuronidation reactions, drug-drug interactions, and the metabolism of endogenous compounds such as bilirubin. It is widely used as a research reagent in biochemical and pharmacological studies.
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| Molecular Formula |
C15H19N2NA3O18P2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
646.2308
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| Exact Mass |
645.98
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| CAS # |
63700-19-6
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| PubChem CID |
16220076
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
6
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
18
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
8
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| Heavy Atom Count |
40
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| Complexity |
1020
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
9
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| SMILES |
C1=CN(C(=O)NC1=O)[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)COP(=O)([O-])OP(=O)([O-])O[C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)C(=O)[O-])O)O)O)O)O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+]
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| InChi Key |
XXXUNWUNTOMVIG-QWGSIYABSA-K
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C15H22N2O18P2.3Na/c18-5-1-2-17(15(26)16-5)12-9(22)6(19)4(32-12)3-31-36(27,28)35-37(29,30)34-14-10(23)7(20)8(21)11(33-14)13(24)25;;;/h1-2,4,6-12,14,19-23H,3H2,(H,24,25)(H,27,28)(H,29,30)(H,16,18,26);;;/q;3*+1/p-3/t4-,6-,7+,8+,9-,10-,11+,12-,14-;;;/m1.../s1
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| Chemical Name |
trisodium;(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-oxidophosphoryl]oxy-oxidophosphoryl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~125 mg/mL (~193.43 mM)
DMSO : ~20 mg/mL (~30.95 mM ) |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2 mg/mL (3.09 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2 mg/mL (3.09 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 20.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2 mg/mL (3.09 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 16.67 mg/mL (25.80 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.5474 mL | 7.7372 mL | 15.4744 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3095 mL | 1.5474 mL | 3.0949 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1547 mL | 0.7737 mL | 1.5474 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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