| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Tyrosyltyrosine does not have a specific pharmacological target in the traditional sense. As a dipeptide, it is a natural substrate for peptidases and transporters. It may interact with the peptide transporter 1 (PEPT1) for absorption in the intestine. Once inside cells, it can be hydrolyzed by intracellular peptidases to release free tyrosine, which is then used for protein synthesis, neurotransmitter production (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine), or melanin synthesis. Tyrosyltyrosine itself is not known to activate or inhibit specific receptors or signaling pathways directly. Its biological role is primarily as a nutrient and a metabolite, rather than as a signaling molecule.
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| ln Vitro |
ACE is inhibited by H-Tyr-Tyr-OH, having an IC50 value of 0.028 mg/mL[2].
Tyrosyltyrosine does not exhibit specific pharmacological activity in cell-based assays in the same way that a drug would. However, it can be used as a substrate to study peptide transport and metabolism. In vitro, it can be added to cell culture media to provide a source of tyrosine to cells. It may also be used to study the activity of enzymes such as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) or other peptidases that can cleave the dipeptide. Its effects are nutritional rather than pharmacological. There are no reported IC50 or EC50 values for tyrosyltyrosine against any biological target. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo systolic blood pressure is impacted by H-Tyr-Tyr-OH (12.5 mg/kg; once intraarterial injection) [1]. Blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats is influenced by H-Tyr-Tyr-OH (0-100 mg/kg; once intraperitoneally injected) [1].
Tyrosyltyrosine is not a drug and is not administered for therapeutic purposes in vivo. However, it has been studied for its potential health benefits as a dietary supplement. For example, it may be used as a source of tyrosine to support cognitive function or stress response, as tyrosine is a precursor to catecholamines. When ingested, tyrosyltyrosine is likely absorbed as a dipeptide via the PEPT1 transporter or hydrolyzed in the intestine to free tyrosine before absorption. The free tyrosine then enters the bloodstream and is distributed to tissues. Its effects are mediated through the actions of tyrosine, not the dipeptide itself. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cellular in vitro assays for tyrosyltyrosine are primarily chemical or enzymatic. For example, its purity and identity can be determined using HPLC or mass spectrometry. It can also be used as a substrate in enzyme assays. A typical protocol for a peptidase assay involves incubating tyrosyltyrosine with a purified enzyme (e.g., DPP-IV) in a buffer at 37°C for a specified time. The reaction is stopped by the addition of acid, and the amount of tyrosine released is measured using a colorimetric or fluorometric assay. The enzyme activity is calculated based on the rate of substrate hydrolysis.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for tyrosyltyrosine are not common, as it is not a bioactive compound. If studied, it would be to assess its effects on cell metabolism. For example, cells (e.g., Caco-2 intestinal cells) could be cultured in media containing tyrosyltyrosine. The uptake of the dipeptide via PEPT1 could be measured using radiolabeled compound. Alternatively, cells could be treated with tyrosyltyrosine to study its effect on tyrosine-related pathways, such as melanin synthesis in melanocytes. However, such studies are not standard and are typically focused on nutritional aspects.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Anesthetized male Sprague Dawley rats [1]
Doses: 12.5 mg/kg Route of Administration: arterial injection; 12.5 mg/kg Primary Experimental Results:Systolic blood pressure increased Dramatically, reaching a peak 5 minutes after administration. Animal/Disease Models: Spontaneously hypertensive rats [1] Doses: 0, 50, 100 mg/kg Route of Administration: intraperitoneal (ip) injection; Experimental Results: Even at a dose of 50 mg/kg, the blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats was Dramatically diminished . In vivo animal studies with tyrosyltyrosine are limited and typically focus on nutritional or metabolic effects. For example, rats could be orally administered tyrosyltyrosine, and blood samples could be collected at various time points to measure the levels of tyrosine and tyrosyltyrosine in plasma. This would help to assess the bioavailability of the dipeptide and its hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal tract. The compound is not used in disease models for therapeutic evaluation. Its primary value is in studying peptide absorption and metabolism. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Tyrosyltyrosine is a small dipeptide with a molecular weight of 344.37. When administered orally, it is absorbed via the PEPT1 transporter or hydrolyzed to free tyrosine before absorption. The absorbed tyrosine then enters the systemic circulation and is distributed to various tissues. Tyrosine is metabolized to catecholamines, melanin, and other compounds. The half-life of tyrosyltyrosine in the circulation is likely short due to rapid hydrolysis by peptidases. Specific pharmacokinetic parameters have not been extensively reported.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Tyrosyltyrosine is a naturally occurring dipeptide and is generally considered safe. It is a normal constituent of human plasma, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid. As a dietary component, it is not associated with significant toxicity. High doses of tyrosine, which could be released from tyrosyltyrosine, may cause adverse effects such as gastrointestinal distress or headaches in sensitive individuals, but tyrosyltyrosine itself is not known to be toxic. It is not a regulated substance and is not classified as a drug.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Tyr-Tyr is tyrosine, in which each tyrosine residue has an L-configuration. It is a metabolite of Mycoplasma genitalium.
Tyrosyltyrosine is a dipeptide that is of interest in the fields of nutrition and metabolism. It is a component of protein metabolism and can be found in the diet as a result of protein digestion. It has been investigated for its potential as a nutritional supplement to provide a source of tyrosine in a form that may be more efficiently absorbed than free tyrosine. It is not a drug and has no clinical trials or regulatory approval for medical use. Its primary value is as a research tool and a nutritional compound. |
| Molecular Formula |
C18H20N2O5
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
344.36
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| Exact Mass |
344.137
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| CAS # |
1050-28-8
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| PubChem CID |
70590
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Vapour Pressure |
9.55E-21mmHg at 25°C
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| LogP |
1.87
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
7
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| Heavy Atom Count |
25
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| Complexity |
443
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
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| SMILES |
OC1=CC=C(CC(C(NC(CC2=CC=C(O)C=C2)C(=O)O)=O)N)C=C1
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| InChi Key |
JAQGKXUEKGKTKX-HOTGVXAUSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C18H20N2O5/c19-15(9-11-1-5-13(21)6-2-11)17(23)20-16(18(24)25)10-12-3-7-14(22)8-4-12/h1-8,15-16,21-22H,9-10,19H2,(H,20,23)(H,24,25)/t15-,16-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid
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| Synonyms |
Tyrosyltyrosine Peptide tyrosine-tyrosineTyrosyl tyrosine Tyr-tyr
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: (1). This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. (2). Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~290.39 mM)
H2O : ~100 mg/mL (~290.39 mM) |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.26 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.26 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.26 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.9039 mL | 14.5197 mL | 29.0394 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5808 mL | 2.9039 mL | 5.8079 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2904 mL | 1.4520 mL | 2.9039 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | interventions | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
| NCT00831818 | COMPLETED | Breastfeeding | Medical University of Vienna | 2008-07 | ||
| NCT05953285 | RECRUITING | Other: Sleep restriction | Obesity | Northumbria University | 2023-07-15 | Not Applicable |
| NCT05654285 | COMPLETED | Other: Cola beverage with aspartame and acesulfame K Other: Cola beverage with sucrose and stevia |
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Metabolic Syndrome Obesity |
Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez | 2016-02-08 | Not Applicable |
| NCT02053025 | COMPLETED | Dietary Supplement: mycoprotein Dietary Supplement: control protein |
Appetite Energy Intake |
Imperial College London | 2010-03 | Not Applicable |
| NCT01456572 | COMPLETED | Dietary Supplement: ensure plus Dietary Supplement: standardized test meal |
Endocrine System Diseases | University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland | 2007-01 | Phase 1 |
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